BROCADE IP PRIMER

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Packet CapturingTcpdump is a command-line text-based packet capturer. It's my personal favorite.You get a lot of power and flexibility out of a relatively small package. It willautomatically put your NIC into promiscuous mode. It will allow you to set upcapture filters, so that it only captures traffic that you're interested in. It candisplay the frames as it sees them, or it can dump them to a file for later analysis.Tcpdump is very commonly found on UNIX-based operating systems.Some operating systems even include tcpdump in the initial default install.Brocade IP Primer 67
Chapter 2: TCP/IPWireshark used to be known as Ethereal. It is very similar in functionality totcpdump, but it adds a graphically-based interface. It still automatically putsyour NIC in promiscuous mode. It has capture filters and can dump frames tofiles. The big difference is that through windows and menus, it provides amuch more graphically-rich analysis tool for the administrator.Both programs are available to run on most popular operating systems. They'revery valuable tools to have in your tool belt as a network administrator or networkengineer.sFlow (RFC 3176)Brocade actually gives us one more very valuable tool for capturing frames.sFlow is an open standard defined by RFC 3176. It is a protocol for capturing asampling of frames and transmitting that information to a central location(usually, a server) for analysis. The beautiful part? Brocade integrates this protocolinto the ASIC (hardware) of every port on their switches. This means thatany of the ports of a Brocade switch can be monitored through sFlow, withoutincreasing the resource load on the switch.With sFlow integrated into the ASIC, the switch's CPU is not involved, and canfocus on its primary functions. sFlow uses an adjustable sample rate. This is anumber that tells sFlow how many packets (of all the packets) to capture. Thisrate can be as high as 1 packet out of every 2,147,483,648 packets, or as lowas 1 packet out of every 2 packets. You can also change the size of the sample.For example, using 128 bytes as your sample size will typically show youall of the headers, enough to see what type of traffic is being sent. You maywant to see part of the data, so you can increase the size.68 Brocade IP Primer
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BROCADEIPPRIMERFIRST EDITIONEveryth
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Important NoticeUse of this book co
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ContentsChapter 2: TCP/IP .........
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ContentsPart Three: Layer 3 Switchi
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ContentsRedundancy: Virtual Router
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ContentsCheck 5: Available Session
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Part One: Introduction toNetworking
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Networking Basics1The world of comp
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The OSI Reference ModelEach of thes
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The OSI Reference ModelApplicationA
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The Application Layer (Layer 7)This
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The Session Layer (Layer 5)You inte
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The Transport Layer (Layer 4)So, wh
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The Transport Layer (Layer 4)point,
Page 32 and 33: The Data Link Layer (Layer 2)By far
Page 34 and 35: The Physical Layer (Layer 1)One oth
Page 36 and 37: Layer 1 Ethernet (Cabling)What if a
Page 38 and 39: Layer 1 Ethernet (Cabling)Twisted P
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Page 42 and 43: Layer 1 Ethernet (Cabling)SC connec
Page 44 and 45: Layer 2 Ethernet (Addressing)Ethern
Page 46 and 47: Half-duplex vs. Full-duplexine, thi
Page 48 and 49: Brocade Ethernet Switches & Routers
Page 50 and 51: Chapter Review Questions5. What lay
Page 52 and 53: TCP/IP2The most popular protocol st
Page 56 and 57: Network Classes128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Page 58 and 59: Network ClassesWhat we haven't talk
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Page 62 and 63: The SubnetTable 2. Understanding Su
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Page 68 and 69: Layer 4 TCP/IP: TCP/UDPRFC 1918 spe
Page 70 and 71: Layer 4 TCP/IP: TCP/UDPtions will a
Page 72 and 73: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Page 74 and 75: User Datagram Protocol (UDP)When it
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Page 84 and 85: SummaryYou'll typically need some s
Page 86 and 87: Chapter Review Questions3. What is
Page 88 and 89: Answers to Review Questionscan't us
Page 90 and 91: Data Center Bridging (DCB)3Introduc
Page 92 and 93: Introduction802.1Qbb: Priority-base
Page 94 and 95: The Ethernet PAUSE Functionresponsi
Page 96 and 97: Enhanced Tranmission SelectionFrom
Page 98 and 99: Data Center Bridge eXchangeData Cen
Page 100 and 101: Building the DCB CloudBuilding the
Page 102 and 103: Summary• Enhanced Transmission Se
Page 104 and 105: TRILL—Adding Multi-Pathingto Laye
Page 106 and 107: Why do we need it?To address this p
Page 108 and 109: The TRILL ProtocolJust as important
Page 110 and 111: Moving TRILL DataMAC-RB4MAC-RB1RB3R
Page 112 and 113: Load Balancing Basics5With the rise
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Page 126 and 127: Chapter Review Questions• Direct
Page 128 and 129: Chapter Review Questions7. Your loa
Page 130 and 131: Answers to Review Questions9. d. Yo
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Part Two: SwitchingThe following ch
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J-FxGMR4Ac ti veLi nkLinkLinkLi nkP
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Accessing the CLIThis is not the on
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Online HelpFor your convenience, yo
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The configProbably the most recogni
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Software (and where it's stored)All
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Software (and where it's stored)Let
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show commandsThe copy command can b
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clear commandsThere's one more show
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Configuring the InterfaceHere's an
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PingSource . Particularly if you ar
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Filters and Regular ExpressionsThis
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User Access ControlUser Access Cont
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User Access ControlIf you were to c
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User Access ControlBy default, a ne
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User Access ControlYou can also con
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User Access ControlSNMP also allows
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The Web UIYou can see that you have
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SummaryBut what if you want to disa
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Chapter Review Questions2. Which RM
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Answers to Review Questions5. c. Th
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49FLinkPower50FConsole1 3 5 7 9 111
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Console49F Link 50F1 3 5 7 9 1113 1
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Switch TrunksYou define static trun
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show CommandsOperational trunks:Tru
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Chapter Review Questions3. Which ty
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Virtual Local Area Network(VLAN)8No
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Console49F Link 50F1 3 5 7 9 1113 1
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Console49F Link 50F1 3 5 7 9 1113 1
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Configuring VLANsNow, we need to se
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Configuring VLANsVLAN, and add it b
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PowerPower49F Link 50F49F Link 50FC
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PowerPower49F Link 50FConsole1 3 5
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PowerPower49F Link 50F49F Link 50FC
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PowerPowerPower49F Link 50F49F Link
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VLAN GroupsYou also have to assign
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Chapter Review QuestionsChapter Rev
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Answers to Review Questions4. a. An
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Console49F Link 50F1 3 5 7 9 1113 1
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Console49F Link 50F1 3 5 7 9 1113 1
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49FLinkPower49FLinkPower50F50FConso
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IEEE 802.1d (Spanning Tree Protocol
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IEEE 802.1d (Spanning Tree Protocol
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49FLinkPower49FLinkPower50F50FConso
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Console49F Link 50F1 3 5 7 9 1113 1
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IEEE 802.1s (MST)Port IEEE 802.1W P
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IEEE 802.1s (MST)another instance o
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Console49F Link 50F1 3 5 7 9 1113 1
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SummaryWe need to define this on bo
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Chapter Review Questions4. BPDUs:a.
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Part Three: Layer 3Switching (Routi
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Console49F Link 50F1 3 5 7 9 11 13
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The Routing TableLet's take a momen
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Console49F Link 50F1 3 5 7 9 11 13
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49F Link 50FPower11F 2F 3F 4F32Cons
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Console49F Link 50F1Power1F 2F 3F 4
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The “Null” RouteTo see RIP's ro
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Chapter Review Questions2. What is
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Open Shortest Path First(OSPF)11We
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Getting to Know Your NeighborsHello
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BI4XGBI24CT X RX T X RX T X RX T X
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Autonomous Systems (AS)This still d
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Link State Advertisement (LSA)A NSS
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Configuring OSPFIf you use a loopba
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Configuring OSPFHere's an example t
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Summary• show ip ospf virtual-lin
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Chapter Review Questions3. By defau
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Multi Protocol LabelSwitching (MPLS
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What is MPLS?Step 4. The labeled pa
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MPLS Virtual Leased Lines (VLL)Step
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MPLS Layer 3 VPNsTo validate the co
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MPLS Layer 3 VPNsConfiguring MPLS L
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Border Gateway Protocol(BGP)13For m
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The Autonomous System (AS)As of 201
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BI4XGBI4XGBI24CBI24CBI24C16T X RX T
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Configuring BGPTo summarize, the pe
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Configuring BGPBut how do we use ou
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NetScreen - 204BI4XGBI24CT X RX T X
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SummarySummary• BGP is the standa
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Answers to Review Questions7. What
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Security, Redundancyand More14We've
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Security: Access Control Lists (ACL
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Console49F Link 50F1 3 5 7 9 11 13
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RXTXCle a rChannel T3Test A IS Y e
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Access Control Lists: Not Just For
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Redundancy: Virtual Router Redundan
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SummaryThe other processing mechani
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Answers to Review QuestionsAnswers
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Part Four: Layer 4-7Switching (Load
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Server Load Balancing (SLB)15Welcom
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The Brocade ServerIronThe Managemen
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The Brocade ServerIronAttackerEcho
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ServerIronThe Brocade ServerIrondoe
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Predictors• Round-robin. This is
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Configuring SLBGoing back to our in
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Configuring SLBWhen a real server p
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SLB show CommandsSLB show CommandsT
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SLB show Commands• Active (ACT).
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Configuring Direct Server Return (D
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ServerIronServerIronBI4XGBI4XGBI24C
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Symmetric Server Load BalancingIf y
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Remote ServersIn this scenario, Ser
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Summary— Server response time onl
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Chapter Review Questions5. Which co
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424C424C424C424C424C424CConsolePwrA
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Session PersistenceNow, let's say t
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Session PersistenceWhen a sticky se
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Session PersistenceNow, you must en
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URL SwitchingURL SwitchingURL switc
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424C424C424C424C424C424CConsolePwrA
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Configuring Transparent Cache Switc
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SummarySummary• Policy-based SLB
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Chapter Review Questions6. Which pe
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NetScreen - 204BI4XGBI4XGBI24CBI24C
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NetScreen - 204POWERSTATUS-1ALARMHA
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NetScreen - 204POWERSTATUS-1ALARMHA
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FWLB show CommandsAs we mentioned a
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Stateful FWLBresponse, it will try
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Answers to Review Questions8. a. Tr
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Global Server Load Balancing(GSLB)1
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Domain Name Service (DNS)take the n
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Enter: Global Server Load Balancing
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How Does GSLB Decide?Now, I mention
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How Does GSLB Decide?Check 6: Flash
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Configuring GSLBIt's the address of
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GSLB show CommandsNext, there may b
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Chapter Review Questions1. What doe
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Answers to Review Questions5. b. Th
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Glossary10Base-T An Ethernet specif
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GlossaryAuthentication This is the
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GlossaryDCB Data Center Bridging. T
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GlossaryFrame This is the data unit
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GlossaryLACPDU Link Aggregation Con
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GlossaryNIC Network Interface Contr
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GlossaryRoot switch In Spanning Tre
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GlossaryTAC Technical Assistance Ce
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GlossaryVirtual link In OSPF, all a
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BROCADE IP PRIMERFIRST EDITIONThe w
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