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1.7.3 Relational ExpressionsA relational expression is composed of two arithmetic expressions separated by a relationaloperator. The value of the expression is true or false (.TRUE. or .FALSE.) depending on thevalue of the expressions and the nature of the operator. The table below shows the relationaloperators.Operator.LT..LE..EQ..NE..GT..GE.RelationshipLess thanLess than or equal toEqual toNot equal toGreater thanGreater than or equal toIn relational expressions the arithmetic elements are evaluated to obtain their values. Therelationship is then evaluated to obtain the true or false result. Thus the relational expression:TIME + MEAN .LT. LASTmeans if the sum of TIME and MEAN is less than the value of LAST, then the result is true,otherwise it is false.1.7.4 Logical ExpressionsA logical expression is composed of two relational or logical expressions separated by a logicaloperator. Each logical expression yields the value true or false (.TRUE. or .FALSE.) Thefollowing table shows the logical operators.Operator.AND..OR..NOT..NEQV..XOR..EQV.RelationshipTrue if both expressions are true.True if either expression or both is true.This is a unary operator; it is true if the expression is false, otherwiseit is false.False if both expressions have the same logical valueSame as .NEQV.True if both expressions have the same logical value24 Chapter 1
In the following example, TEST will be .TRUE. if A is greater than B or I is not equal to J+17.TEST = A .GT. B .OR. I .NE. J+171.7.5 Character ExpressionsAn expression of type CHARACTER can consist of one or more printable characters. Its length isthe number of characters in the string. Each character is numbered consecutively from left to rightbeginning with 1. For example:'ab_&''A@HJi2''var[1,12]'1.7.6 Character ConcatenationA character expression can be formed by concatenating two (or more) valid character expressionsusing the concatenation operator //. The following table shows several examples of concatenation.Expression'ABC'//'YZ''JOHN '//'SMITH''J '//'JAMES '//'JOY'Value"ABCYZ""JOHN SMITH""J JAMES JOY"1.8 Symbolic Name ScopeFortran 90/95 and HPF scoping is expanded from the traditional FORTRAN 77 capabilities whichprovide a scoping mechanism using subroutines, main programs, and COMMONs. Fortran 90/95and HPF add the MODULE statement. Modules provide an expanded alternative to the use ofboth COMMONs and INCLUDE statements. Modules allow data and functions to be packagedand defined as a unit, incorporating data hiding and using a scope that is determined with the USEstatement.Names of COMMON blocks, SUBROUTINEs and FUNCTIONs are global to those modules thatreference them. They must refer to unique objects, not only during compilation, but also in the linkstage.The scope of names other than these is local to the module in which they occur, and any referenceto the name in a different module will imply a new local declaration. This includes the arithmeticfunction statement.Language Overview 25
Page 2: While every precaution has been tak
Page 8 and 9: Table 6-18: HPF Intrinsics and Libr
Page 10 and 11: • ISO/IEC 1539 : 1991, Informatio
Page 12 and 13: non-printing characters, such as TA
Page 14 and 15: 1 Language OverviewThis chapter des
Page 16 and 17: Table 1-1: Order of StatementsOPTIO
Page 18 and 19: 1.3 Free Form FormattingUsing free
Page 20 and 21: A continuation line is indicated by
Page 22 and 23: The following examples are invalid
Page 24 and 25: Operators of equal rank are evaluat
Page 28 and 29: 1.9 Assignment StatementsA Fortran
Page 30 and 31: defined in the character expression
Page 33 and 34: 2 Fortran Data TypesEvery Fortran e
Page 35 and 36: Table 2-3: Data Type ExtensionsType
Page 37 and 38: [s]d 1 d 2 ...d n [ _ kind-paramete
Page 39 and 40: 2.2.5 Complex ConstantsA complex co
Page 41 and 42: CHARACTER(LEN=20) FIRST, LAST, MIDD
Page 43 and 44: 2.4.4 Character SubstringA characte
Page 45 and 46: • A constant is always either 32
Page 47 and 48: STRUCTURE [/structure_name/][field_
Page 49 and 50: RECORD /person/ population(2), me..
Page 51 and 52: BYTE items(12)END MAPEND UNIONEND S
Page 53: declarator, modifying its value dur
Page 56 and 57: 90/95 This statement is either new
Page 58 and 59: ALLOCATE 90The ALLOCATE statement i
Page 60 and 61: DescriptionARRAY can be used in a s
Page 62 and 63: ExamplesBACKSPACE 4BACKSPACE ( UNIT
Page 64 and 65: ExamplesCALL CRASH! no argumentsCAL
Page 66 and 67: Note: The data type of a symbol may
Page 68 and 69: HPFExampleDIMENSION R(10)COMMON /HO
Page 70 and 71: ALL1is an allocatable COMMON block
Page 72 and 73: I = I + H..END SUBROUTINE YEND SUBR
Page 74 and 75: DEALLOCATE 77The DEALLOCATE stateme
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See AlsoREAD, PRINTDIMENSION 90The
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DO (non-block)DO label [,] index =
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DOUBLE COMPLEX § 77The DOUBLE COMP
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SyntaxIF logical expression THENsta
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cfbioserrsis an integer expression
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For example:END FILE(20)END FILE(UN
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e more than one ENTRY statement wit
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EQUIVALENCE 77The EQUIVALENCE state
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extrinsic-kind-keyword is the name
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if no list items are specified; in
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argumentis a symbolic name, startin
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ExampleslistASSIGN 50 TO KGO TO K(5
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IF (Block) 77The block IF statement
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INCLUDE § 77The INCLUDE statement
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FILE= finFORM= fmfin is a character
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DescriptionWhen an INQUIRE by file
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INTEGER, INTENT(OUT)::I1I1=R1END SU
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SUBROUTINE TRIG (X,F,Y)Y=F(X)RETURN
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Manipulating data using union decla
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Using the -I command-line option di
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ERR=errsFILE= finFORM=fmcharacter d
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ACCESSThe value of 'APPEND' will be
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• Case is not significant, unless
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The pointer-based variable does not
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and is roughly equivalent tocharact
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.END MODULETypeNon-executableSee Al
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• Every item whose value is to be
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DescriptionYou create memory storag
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RETURN 77The RETURN statement cause
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line option). Dummy arguments, name
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STRUCTURE § 77The STRUCTURE statem
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argumentis a symbolic name, startin
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Syntax Derived Type DefinitionTYPE
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BYTE num_itemsBYTE items(12)END MAP
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ExamplesINTEGER SCORE(30)CHARACTER
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eal sumsum = 4h()accept sumand is r
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specified with the ":" character ra
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For example:SUBROUTINE YSUM1(M,B,C)
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4.5 CM Fortran Extensions4.5.1 The
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same manner. Direct access files ar
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Table 5-1: OPEN SpecifiersSpecifier
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After data is transferred, the file
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• Repeatable editor commands whic
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On output, the B field descriptor t
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5.5.2.8 G Format ControlThe G forma
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5.5.2.14 O Format Control Octal Val
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The X control specifies a number of
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5.7 List-directed formattingList-di
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Data TypeINTEGER*4INTEGER*8LOGICAL*
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• The value may be constants as a
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Table 6-1: Numeric FunctionsGeneric
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GenericNameIZEXTPurposeZero-ExtendF
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GenericNameREALPurposeConvert toREA
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GenericNamePurposeNumberof ArgsSIN
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GenericNameIANDPurposeLogicalANDNum
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Table 6-5: Fortran 90/95 Bit Manipu
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Table 6-8: Fortran 90/95 Array Redu
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Table 6-10: Fortran 90/95 Array Con
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Generic Name Purpose Numberof ArgsP
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Table 6-17: Miscellaneous Functions
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ArgumentsThe argument STR is the st
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SynopsisALLOCATED(ARRAY)ArgumentThe
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SynopsisASIND(X)ArgumentThe argumen
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ArgumentThe argument X must be of t
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Return ValueReturns a complex numbe
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COUNT 90Return the number of true e
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VALUES(6)VALUES(7)VALUES(8)holds th
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Return ValueThe dot product. For VE
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EXPONENT 90Return the exponent part
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SynopsisIAND(I, J)ArgumentsThe argu
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ArgumentThe arguments I and J must
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INT8 § 77Converts a real value to
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JINT § 77Converts a value to an in
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LEN 90Returns the length of the sup
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LLT 90Test the supplied strings to
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LSHIFT § 77Perform a logical shift
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If the MASK parameter is present, t
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MINLOC 90Return the position of the
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MVBITS 90Copies a bit sequence from
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SynopsisNULL([PTR])ArgumentsThe opt
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Return ValueThe return value is the
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SynopsisREAL(A [,KIND])ArgumentsThe
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ArgumentsThe argument X is of type
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Return ValueThe result is an array
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SIZE 90Returns either the total num
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Return ValueThe return value is the
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TRANSFER 90Return a value that has
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VERIFY 90Verify that a character st
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IntrinsicIALL_SUFFIXIANYIANY_PREFIX
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Return ValueThe shifted array with
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getloghostnmlstatputenvsymlnkttynam
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esyndbesj0dbesj1dbesjndbesy0dbesy1d
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Descriptionctime converts a system
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fgetcGet character from a logical u
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Synopsisinteger function fseek(lu,
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Synopsisinteger function getc(ch)ch
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Synopsisinteger function getuid()De
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isattyIs logical unit a tty.Synopsi
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DescriptionReturn the value which i
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perrorPrint error message.Synopsiss
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DescriptionThe functions rand and i
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DescriptionReturn the index of the
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except lstat returns information ab
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ttynamGet name of a terminalSynopsi
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7.2.2 VAX/VMS System SubroutinesDAT
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destis an integer variable or array
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8 OpenMP Directives for FortranThe
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the parallel region redundantly. Th
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In the presence of an IF clause, th
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!$OMP SINGLE [Clauses]< Fortran cod
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By default, there is an implicit ba
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appear within a parallel region. It
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[!$OMP SECTION]< Fortran code block
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directive. When a common block that
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subroutine omp_unset_lock(integer_v
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9 HPF DirectivesHPF directives are
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ALIGN - REALIGNThe ALIGN directive
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See AlsoThe TEMPLATE and PROCESSORS
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Example!HPF$!HPF$!HPF$!HPF$REAL A(1
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See AlsoFor details on the PROCESSO
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TypeSpecificationSee AlsoFor detail
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IntrinsicGLOBAL_TO_LOCALGLOBAL_UBOU
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Return ValueIf the actual argument
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ArgumentsARRAY may be of any type;
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Return TypeThe result is of type de
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ArgumentsOptional argument. PROC.AR
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IndexABSTRACT_TO_PHYSICAL..........
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DATA ..............................
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GETLOG ............................
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EXP ...............................
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F specifier........................
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LOCAL_UNIDEX.......................
Page 343 and 344:
OpenMP Fortran Directives .........
Page 345 and 346:
DOWHILE ...........................
Page 347:
FMT specifier......................
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