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These examples require that the programmer use a PARAMETER statement to define kinds:INTEGER, PARAMETER :: SHORT=1INTEGER HIGHPARAMETER (HIGH=8)The following table shows several examples of KINDs that a system could support.Table 2-1: Fortran Intrinsic Data TypesData TypeINTEGERREALDOUBLEPRECISIONLOGICALCOMPLEXCHARACTERAn integer number.A real number.ValueA double precision floating point number, real number,taking up two numeric storage units and whose precisionis greater than REAL.A value which can be either TRUE or FALSE.A pair of real numbers used in complex arithmetic.Fortran provides two precisions for COMPLEXnumbers.A string consisting of one or more printable characters.Table 2-2: Data Types Kind ParametersType Kind SizeINTEGER SHORT 1 byteINTEGER LONG 4 bytesREAL HIGH 8 bytes2.1.2 Number of Bytes SpecificationThe <strong>PGI</strong> Fortran compilers support a length specifier for some data types. The data type can befollowed by a data type length specifier of the form *s, where s is one of the supported lengths forthe data type. Such a specification overrides the length attribute that the statement implies andassigns a specific length to the specified item, regardless of the compiler options. For example,REAL*8 is equivalent to DOUBLE PRECISION. The following table shows the lengths of datatypes, their meanings, and their sizes.32 Chapter 2
Table 2-3: Data Type ExtensionsType Meaning SizeLOGICAL*1 Small LOGICAL 1 byteLOGICAL*2 Short LOGICAL 2 bytesLOGICAL*4 LOGICAL 4 bytesLOGICAL*8 LOGICAL 8 bytesBYTE Small INTEGER 1 byteINTEGER*1 Same as BYTE 1 byteINTEGER*2 Short INTEGER 2 bytesINTEGER*4 INTEGER 4 bytesINTEGER*8 INTEGER 8 bytesREAL*4 REAL 4 bytesREAL*8 DOUBLE PRECISION 8 bytesCOMPLEX*8 COMPLEX 8 bytesCOMPLEX*16 DOUBLE COMPLEX 16 bytesThe BYTE type is treated as a signed one-byte integer and is equivalent to LOGICAL*1.Assignment of a value too big for the data type to which it is assigned is an undefined operation.A specifier is allowed after a CHARACTER function name even if the CHARACTER type wordhas a specifier.For example:CHARACTER*4 FUNCTION C*8 (VAR1)The function size specification C*8 overrides the CHARACTER*4 specification. Logical dataitems can be used with any operation where a similar sized integer data item is permissible andvice versa. The logical data item is treated as an integer or the integer data item is treated as alogical of the same size and no type conversion is performed.Floating point data items of type REAL or DOUBLE PRECISION may be used as arraysubscripts, in computed GOTOs, in array bounds and in alternate returns. The floating point dataitem is converted to an integer.Fortran Data Types 33
Page 2: While every precaution has been tak
Page 8 and 9: Table 6-18: HPF Intrinsics and Libr
Page 10 and 11: • ISO/IEC 1539 : 1991, Informatio
Page 12 and 13: non-printing characters, such as TA
Page 14 and 15: 1 Language OverviewThis chapter des
Page 16 and 17: Table 1-1: Order of StatementsOPTIO
Page 18 and 19: 1.3 Free Form FormattingUsing free
Page 20 and 21: A continuation line is indicated by
Page 22 and 23: The following examples are invalid
Page 24 and 25: Operators of equal rank are evaluat
Page 26 and 27: 1.7.3 Relational ExpressionsA relat
Page 28 and 29: 1.9 Assignment StatementsA Fortran
Page 30 and 31: defined in the character expression
Page 33: 2 Fortran Data TypesEvery Fortran e
Page 37 and 38: [s]d 1 d 2 ...d n [ _ kind-paramete
Page 39 and 40: 2.2.5 Complex ConstantsA complex co
Page 41 and 42: CHARACTER(LEN=20) FIRST, LAST, MIDD
Page 43 and 44: 2.4.4 Character SubstringA characte
Page 45 and 46: • A constant is always either 32
Page 47 and 48: STRUCTURE [/structure_name/][field_
Page 49 and 50: RECORD /person/ population(2), me..
Page 51 and 52: BYTE items(12)END MAPEND UNIONEND S
Page 53: declarator, modifying its value dur
Page 56 and 57: 90/95 This statement is either new
Page 58 and 59: ALLOCATE 90The ALLOCATE statement i
Page 60 and 61: DescriptionARRAY can be used in a s
Page 62 and 63: ExamplesBACKSPACE 4BACKSPACE ( UNIT
Page 64 and 65: ExamplesCALL CRASH! no argumentsCAL
Page 66 and 67: Note: The data type of a symbol may
Page 68 and 69: HPFExampleDIMENSION R(10)COMMON /HO
Page 70 and 71: ALL1is an allocatable COMMON block
Page 72 and 73: I = I + H..END SUBROUTINE YEND SUBR
Page 74 and 75: DEALLOCATE 77The DEALLOCATE stateme
Page 76 and 77: See AlsoREAD, PRINTDIMENSION 90The
Page 78 and 79: DO (non-block)DO label [,] index =
Page 80 and 81: DOUBLE COMPLEX § 77The DOUBLE COMP
Page 82 and 83: SyntaxIF logical expression THENsta
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cfbioserrsis an integer expression
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For example:END FILE(20)END FILE(UN
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e more than one ENTRY statement wit
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EQUIVALENCE 77The EQUIVALENCE state
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extrinsic-kind-keyword is the name
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if no list items are specified; in
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argumentis a symbolic name, startin
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ExampleslistASSIGN 50 TO KGO TO K(5
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IF (Block) 77The block IF statement
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INCLUDE § 77The INCLUDE statement
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FILE= finFORM= fmfin is a character
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DescriptionWhen an INQUIRE by file
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INTEGER, INTENT(OUT)::I1I1=R1END SU
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SUBROUTINE TRIG (X,F,Y)Y=F(X)RETURN
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Manipulating data using union decla
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Using the -I command-line option di
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ERR=errsFILE= finFORM=fmcharacter d
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ACCESSThe value of 'APPEND' will be
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• Case is not significant, unless
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The pointer-based variable does not
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and is roughly equivalent tocharact
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.END MODULETypeNon-executableSee Al
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• Every item whose value is to be
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DescriptionYou create memory storag
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RETURN 77The RETURN statement cause
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line option). Dummy arguments, name
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STRUCTURE § 77The STRUCTURE statem
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argumentis a symbolic name, startin
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Syntax Derived Type DefinitionTYPE
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BYTE num_itemsBYTE items(12)END MAP
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ExamplesINTEGER SCORE(30)CHARACTER
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eal sumsum = 4h()accept sumand is r
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specified with the ":" character ra
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For example:SUBROUTINE YSUM1(M,B,C)
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4.5 CM Fortran Extensions4.5.1 The
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same manner. Direct access files ar
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Table 5-1: OPEN SpecifiersSpecifier
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After data is transferred, the file
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• Repeatable editor commands whic
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On output, the B field descriptor t
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5.5.2.8 G Format ControlThe G forma
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5.5.2.14 O Format Control Octal Val
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The X control specifies a number of
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5.7 List-directed formattingList-di
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Data TypeINTEGER*4INTEGER*8LOGICAL*
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• The value may be constants as a
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Table 6-1: Numeric FunctionsGeneric
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GenericNameIZEXTPurposeZero-ExtendF
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GenericNameREALPurposeConvert toREA
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GenericNamePurposeNumberof ArgsSIN
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GenericNameIANDPurposeLogicalANDNum
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Table 6-5: Fortran 90/95 Bit Manipu
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Table 6-8: Fortran 90/95 Array Redu
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Table 6-10: Fortran 90/95 Array Con
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Generic Name Purpose Numberof ArgsP
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Table 6-17: Miscellaneous Functions
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ArgumentsThe argument STR is the st
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SynopsisALLOCATED(ARRAY)ArgumentThe
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SynopsisASIND(X)ArgumentThe argumen
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ArgumentThe argument X must be of t
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Return ValueReturns a complex numbe
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COUNT 90Return the number of true e
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VALUES(6)VALUES(7)VALUES(8)holds th
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Return ValueThe dot product. For VE
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EXPONENT 90Return the exponent part
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SynopsisIAND(I, J)ArgumentsThe argu
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ArgumentThe arguments I and J must
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INT8 § 77Converts a real value to
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JINT § 77Converts a value to an in
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LEN 90Returns the length of the sup
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LLT 90Test the supplied strings to
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LSHIFT § 77Perform a logical shift
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If the MASK parameter is present, t
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MINLOC 90Return the position of the
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MVBITS 90Copies a bit sequence from
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SynopsisNULL([PTR])ArgumentsThe opt
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Return ValueThe return value is the
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SynopsisREAL(A [,KIND])ArgumentsThe
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ArgumentsThe argument X is of type
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Return ValueThe result is an array
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SIZE 90Returns either the total num
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Return ValueThe return value is the
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TRANSFER 90Return a value that has
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VERIFY 90Verify that a character st
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IntrinsicIALL_SUFFIXIANYIANY_PREFIX
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Return ValueThe shifted array with
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getloghostnmlstatputenvsymlnkttynam
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esyndbesj0dbesj1dbesjndbesy0dbesy1d
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Descriptionctime converts a system
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fgetcGet character from a logical u
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Synopsisinteger function fseek(lu,
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Synopsisinteger function getc(ch)ch
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Synopsisinteger function getuid()De
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isattyIs logical unit a tty.Synopsi
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DescriptionReturn the value which i
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perrorPrint error message.Synopsiss
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DescriptionThe functions rand and i
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DescriptionReturn the index of the
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except lstat returns information ab
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ttynamGet name of a terminalSynopsi
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7.2.2 VAX/VMS System SubroutinesDAT
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destis an integer variable or array
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8 OpenMP Directives for FortranThe
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the parallel region redundantly. Th
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In the presence of an IF clause, th
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!$OMP SINGLE [Clauses]< Fortran cod
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By default, there is an implicit ba
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appear within a parallel region. It
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[!$OMP SECTION]< Fortran code block
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directive. When a common block that
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subroutine omp_unset_lock(integer_v
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9 HPF DirectivesHPF directives are
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ALIGN - REALIGNThe ALIGN directive
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See AlsoThe TEMPLATE and PROCESSORS
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Example!HPF$!HPF$!HPF$!HPF$REAL A(1
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See AlsoFor details on the PROCESSO
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TypeSpecificationSee AlsoFor detail
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IntrinsicGLOBAL_TO_LOCALGLOBAL_UBOU
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Return ValueIf the actual argument
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ArgumentsARRAY may be of any type;
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Return TypeThe result is of type de
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ArgumentsOptional argument. PROC.AR
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IndexABSTRACT_TO_PHYSICAL..........
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DATA ..............................
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GETLOG ............................
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EXP ...............................
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F specifier........................
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LOCAL_UNIDEX.......................
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OpenMP Fortran Directives .........
Page 345 and 346:
DOWHILE ...........................
Page 347:
FMT specifier......................
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