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eferenced, the address to which it refers is always taken from its associated pointer (thatis, its pointer variable is dereferenced).The pointer-based variable does not have an address until its corresponding pointer is defined.The pointer is defined in one of the following ways:• By assigning the value of the LOC function.• By assigning a value defined in terms of another pointer variable.• By dynamically allocating a memory area for the based variable. If a pointer-basedvariable is dynamically allocated, it may also be freed.The following code illustrates the use of pointers:REAL XC(10)COMMON IC, XCPOINTER (P, I)POINTER (Q, X(5))P = LOC(IC)I = 0 ! IC gets 0P = LOC(XC)Q = P + 20! same as LOC(XC(6))X(1) = 0 ! XC(6) gets 0ALLOCATE (X)! Q locates an allocated memory area2.9.1 RestrictionsThe following restrictions apply to the POINTER statement:• No storage is allocated when a pointer-based variable is declared.• If a pointer-based variable is referenced, its pointer variable is assumed to be defined.• A pointer-based variable may not appear in the argument list of a SUBROUTINE orFUNCTION and may not appear in COMMON, EQUIVALENCE, DATA, NAMELIST, orSAVE statements.• A pointer-based variable can be adjusted only in a SUBROUTINE or FUNCTIONsubprogram. If a pointer-based variable is an adjustable array, it is assumed that the variablesin the dimension declarators are defined with an integer value at the time the SUBROUTINEor FUNCTION is called. For a variable which appears in a pointer-based variable's adjustable50 Chapter 2