american samoa - University of Hawaii at Manoa Botany Department

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InvertebratesThe lower Vaipito Stream segment possessed higher densities of crustaceans at lowerelevations, as well as upstream along Utumoa Stream, a major upland tributary. Healthycrustacean fauna appeared to be pristine upstream of the residential area along Vaipito Stream.In contrast, lower specie diversity was evident adjacent to residential areas.Marcrobrachium lar, as well as Caridina and Macrobrachium lutimanus, was abundantupstream along Utumoa Stream. Two species of neritid molluscs were present along UtumoaStream, but were not abundant.Along lower Vaipito Stream, Macrobrachium lar remained abundant downstream.Macrobrachium australe was common. One specie of molluscs was also observed along thelower elevations of the stream.Relative Abundance and Diversity of Fish and InvertebratesA site specific summary of macrofaunal organisms observed during the survey is summarizedin Table 6-4. Genera are listed in order of descending abundance within their taxonomic group.TABLE 6-4SUMMARY OF MACROFAUNAL ORGANISMSOBSERVED ALONG VAIPITO STREAM DRAINAGEStream Location Fishes Crustaceans MolluscsVaipito Stream mouth to KuhliaMacrobrachium NeritinaRoute 1 crossingMugilPoecilia(2 spp.)UnidentifiedGraspid crabUtumoa Stream Unidentified goby CaradinaMacrobrachium(2 spp)Neritina (2 spp.)Source: Chong, 2000The relative abundance and diversity of fish and invertebrates along the Vaipito Streamdrainage is summarized in Table 6-5. The characterization of relative abundance and diversityreflects a general comparison of the abundance and diversity of fish and invertebrates observedalong portions of the Vaipito Stream drainage with all 10 sites evaluated for theWetland/Stream Restoration and Enhancement Plan.Vaipito Stream contained a high diversity and abundance of invertebrates. However, fishdiversity and abundance were low.TABLE 6-5RELATIVE ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY OF FISH AND INVERTEBRATESVAIPITO STREAMFishes Crustaceans MolluscsAbundance Low High LowDiversity Low High MediumSource: Pedersen Planning Consultants, 2000LAND USES ADJACENT TO VAIPITO STREAMAmerican Samoa Wetland/Stream Restoration and Enhancement PlanFebruary 2001, Vaipito Stream, Page 6-9
Most of lower Vaipito Stream segment is situated immediately adjacent to residential uses.Seaward of the Route 1 bridge, Pago Plaza and some public facilities area are locatedimmediately adjacent to the stream channel.Immediately upstream of the stream mouth, PagoPark is situated along the north and south sides ofVaipito Stream.Solid waste discarded from the residents alongVaipito Stream poses the greatest impact uponstream hydrology and aquatic habitat. However,discarded solid waste material did not appear tosignificantly constrain the flow of surface runoffalong the main stem of the stream.RIPARIAN RESTORATION AND ENHANCEMENT STRATEGIESGeneralOnly one practical opportunity was identified for the restoration of lower Vaipito Stream. Thescope of this restoration opportunity and related implementation strategies are presented in thefollowing paragraphs. The potential benefits and impacts derived from the implementation ofthe recommended strategies are subsequently evaluated and compared with a “no action”option.Preliminary cost estimates are presented for the implementation of the recommended strategy.Long-term monitoring and site maintenance requirements associated with the recommendedstrategy are also identified.Opportunities and StrategiesOption 1: Restore Mangrove Forest along Lower Vaipito StreamThe initial phase of this restoration effort will involve a general cleanup of lower VaipitoStream (Figure 6-4). The cleanup should be made between the Vaipito Stream mouth and theRoute 1 crossing over Vaipito Stream. This effort will require the collection and disposal of awide variety of solid waste materials for approximately 1,360 feet upstream of the streammouth. Manual collection will be sufficient to collect most of this material. However, a largerdump truck may be required to haul larger materials to the Futiga landfill. Availableequipment from either the American Samoa Power Authority or the American SamoaDepartment of Public Works should be requested and used to support the cleanup effort.Following the initial stream cleanup, roughly 220 plantings of red mangrove (Rhizophoramangle) and 220 oriental mangrove (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) should be made between thestream mouth and the foot bridge that connects the north and south sides of Pago Park. Thissegment of the stream extends roughly 650 feet upstream of the stream mouth.FIGURE 6-4American Samoa Wetland/Stream Restoration and Enhancement PlanFebruary 2001, Vaipito Stream, Page 6-10
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Asili StreamAMERICAN SAMOAWETLAND/S
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American SamoaWetland/Stream Restor
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American Samoa Wetland/Stream Resto
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Figure 1-1Location of Potential Wet
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Onsite InvestigationsNovember 1999G
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Where appropriate, stream cross sec
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Chapter TwoTULA WETLANDLOCATIONTula
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Figure 2-2Tula WetlandExisting Cond
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Improved channelization of stormwat
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LAND USES IN THE VICINITY OF TULA W
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Figure 2-3Option 2: Detention of St
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Figure 2-4Option 3: Expansion of Ta
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Comparative Benefits and ImpactsPPC
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TABLE 2-4PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
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TABLE 2-5LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
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TABLE 2-6 (CONTINUED)FIELD MONITORI
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Chapter ThreeALAO WETLANDLOCATIONAl
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Figure 3-2Taufusi MarchExisting Con
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Figure 3-3FEMA 100-Year Flood Plain
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East Portion of the MarshThe impact
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WETLAND RESTORATION AND ENHANCEMENT
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The availability of new, blight-res
Page 49 and 50: Long-Term Monitoring and Site Maint
Page 51 and 52: TABLE 3-7FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
Page 53 and 54: Recommended monitoring stations or
Page 55 and 56: Figure 4-1Location MapAoa Village W
Page 57 and 58: No stream flow estimates are availa
Page 59 and 60: Fresh-Water SwampThe fresh-water sw
Page 61 and 62: ecome dominant if there is a nearby
Page 63 and 64: Relative Abundance and Diversity of
Page 65 and 66: Option 4: Restore Mangrove Forest U
Page 67 and 68: TABLE 4-5COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONWETL
Page 69 and 70: Long-term resource management activ
Page 73 and 74: • begin at the Tapua Stream mouth
Page 75 and 76: Figure 5-1Location MapSoutheast Wet
Page 77 and 78: Tufu Stream and two stream branches
Page 79 and 80: Mr. Whistler was part of a three-pe
Page 81 and 82: InvertebratesCrustacean densities w
Page 83 and 84: FIGURE 5-3OPTION 1: RESTORE RIPARIA
Page 85 and 86: TABLE 5-4COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONWETL
Page 87 and 88: Long term monitoring of the Vatia w
Page 91 and 92: More specific monitoring of stream
Page 93 and 94: Figure 6-1Location MapVaipito Strea
Page 95 and 96: Stream FlowsHistorical Stream Flows
Page 97 and 98: California grass (Brachiaria mutica
Page 99: FIGURE 6-3FISH AND INVERTEBRATE SUR
Page 103 and 104: Red mangrove should be planted with
Page 105 and 106: TABLE 6-7PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEC
Page 107 and 108: TABLE 6-9LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
Page 109 and 110: TABLE 6-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITOR
Page 111 and 112: Vehicular and pedestrian access to
Page 113 and 114: Figure 7-1Location MapLeele-Papa-Ta
Page 115 and 116: Stream flow, in some cases, is cons
Page 117 and 118: Stormwater Discharges and Related F
Page 119 and 120: AQUATIC FISH AND INVERTEBRATESGener
Page 121 and 122: Opportunities and StrategiesOption
Page 123 and 124: Figure 7-3Option 2: Reduction of Er
Page 125 and 126: TABLE 7-8PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
Page 127 and 128: TABLE 7-9LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
Page 129 and 130: TABLE 7-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITOR
Page 131 and 132: More specific monitoring of stream
Page 133 and 134: Figure 8-1Location MapSauino Stream
Page 135 and 136: Stream FlowsHistorical Stream Flows
Page 137 and 138: AQUATIC FISH AND INVERTEBRATESGener
Page 139 and 140: Figure 8-3Option 1: Construction of
Page 141 and 142: FIGURE 8-5OPTION 2: PLANT NATIVE RI
Page 143 and 144: Long-Term Monitoring and Site Maint
Page 147 and 148: TABLE 8-8 (Continued)FIELD MONITORI
Page 149 and 150: LOCATIONChapter NineLEAFU STREAMLea
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Figure 9-2Leone Pala and 300-Foot L
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However, during and following heavi
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Vegetation TrendsThe lower Leafu St
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LAND USES ADJACENT TOLOWER LEAFU ST
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Option 2: Construct Basaltic Wall,
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Figure 9-5:Stabilize East Stream Ba
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TABLE 9-7PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
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TABLE 9-8LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
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TABLE 9-9 (Continued)FIELD MONITORI
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Chapter TenASILI STREAMLOCATIONAsil
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Figure 10-2Asili Stream SegmentExis
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Stormwater Discharges and Related F
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Further downstream, the stream chan
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TABLE 10-4SUMMARY OF MACROFAUNAL OR
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American Samoa Wetlands/Streams Res
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CLEAN-UP OF LOWER ASILI STREAMLABOR
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TABLE 10-9LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITO
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TABLE 10-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITO
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Vehicular and pedestrian access to
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Figure 11-1Location MapFusi Wetland
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WETLAND VEGETATIONNovember 1999 Sur
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The lack of stream flow entering th
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Figure 11-3Option 1: Remove Solid W
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Recommended Option and Estimated Pr
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TABLE 11-6FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEE
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Any future monitoring stations or s
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Project ManagerRepresentatives of a
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REFERENCESBiosystems Analysis, Inc.
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APPENDIX ASUMMARY OFPLANTSOBSERVED
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Species Family EnglishNameSamoanNam
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APPENDIX CSUMMARY OFAQUATIC MACROFA
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