american samoa - University of Hawaii at Manoa Botany Department

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WETLAND RESTORATION AND ENHANCEMENT STRATEGIESGeneralThere are two potential opportunities for the restoration and enhancement of the Fusi wetland.The scope of these restoration and enhancement opportunities and related implementationstrategies are presented in the following paragraphs.The potential benefits and impacts derived from the implementation of each strategy aresubsequently compared and evaluated. This analysis provides the basis for the selection of arecommended restoration or enhancement strategy.Preliminary cost estimates are presented for the implementation of the recommended strategy.Long-term monitoring and site maintenance requirements associated with the recommendedstrategy are also identified.Alternate Opportunities and StrategiesOption 1: Remove Solid Waste Material and Plant Wetland Marsh VegetationBiosystems Analysis, Inc. suggested in 1993 that the best opportunity for wetland restoration inthe Manua Islands was restoration of the Fusi wetland. The initial requirement for therestoration of the former coastal marsh would be the excavation of solid waste material via theprimary use of bulldozers, front-end loaders, and trucks (Figure 11-3). Required heavyequipment can probably be obtained from Tau-based, operating divisions of ASPA and/or theASG Department of Public Works. Secondarily, some smaller materials would be retrievedmanually. Subsequently, excavated material would be hauled by truck to the public solid wastelandfill situated northeast of Tau High School.Bulldozers and front-end loaders would subsequently be used to re-grade the site to thecontours that were generally identified on 1990 topographic maps for the Fusi area and removeremaining portions of the beach hibiscus thicket. ASCC Land Grant personnel would be usedto plant some 50 utuutu (water chestnut), 25 vao tuaniu (marsh fern), 25 selesele(Rhynchospora corymbosa), and 25 saato (swamp fern).Option 2: Remove Solid Waste Material and Establish Taro ProductionSimilar to Option 1, the initial action associated with the restoration of the former coastal marshwould be the excavation of solid waste material via the primary use of bulldozers, front-endloaders, and trucks. Required heavy equipment can probably be obtained from Tau-based,operating divisions of ASPA and/or the ASG Department of Public Works. Secondarily, somesmaller materials would be retrieved manually. Subsequently, excavated material would behauled by truck to the public solid waste landfill situated northeast of Tau High School.Existing vegetation within the wetland would also be cleared to enable use of the wetland forfuture taro production. Water required from taro production would be derived from rainfall, aswell as limited surface water flows from the steeper slopes east of the wetland.American Samoa Wetlands/Streams Restoration and Enhancement PlanFebruary 2001, Fusi Wetland, Page 11-7
Figure 11-3Option 1: Remove Solid Waste Material and Plant Wetland Marsh VegetationAmerican Samoa Wetlands/Streams Restoration and Enhancement PlanFebruary 2001, Fusi Wetland, Page 11-8
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Asili StreamAMERICAN SAMOAWETLAND/S
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American SamoaWetland/Stream Restor
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American Samoa Wetland/Stream Resto
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Figure 1-1Location of Potential Wet
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Onsite InvestigationsNovember 1999G
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Where appropriate, stream cross sec
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Chapter TwoTULA WETLANDLOCATIONTula
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Figure 2-2Tula WetlandExisting Cond
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Improved channelization of stormwat
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LAND USES IN THE VICINITY OF TULA W
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Figure 2-3Option 2: Detention of St
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Figure 2-4Option 3: Expansion of Ta
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Comparative Benefits and ImpactsPPC
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TABLE 2-4PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
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TABLE 2-5LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
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TABLE 2-6 (CONTINUED)FIELD MONITORI
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Chapter ThreeALAO WETLANDLOCATIONAl
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Figure 3-2Taufusi MarchExisting Con
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Figure 3-3FEMA 100-Year Flood Plain
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East Portion of the MarshThe impact
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WETLAND RESTORATION AND ENHANCEMENT
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The availability of new, blight-res
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Long-Term Monitoring and Site Maint
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TABLE 3-7FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
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Recommended monitoring stations or
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Figure 4-1Location MapAoa Village W
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No stream flow estimates are availa
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Fresh-Water SwampThe fresh-water sw
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ecome dominant if there is a nearby
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Relative Abundance and Diversity of
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Option 4: Restore Mangrove Forest U
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TABLE 4-5COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONWETL
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Long-term resource management activ
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• begin at the Tapua Stream mouth
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Figure 5-1Location MapSoutheast Wet
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Tufu Stream and two stream branches
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Mr. Whistler was part of a three-pe
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InvertebratesCrustacean densities w
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FIGURE 5-3OPTION 1: RESTORE RIPARIA
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TABLE 5-4COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONWETL
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Long term monitoring of the Vatia w
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More specific monitoring of stream
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Figure 6-1Location MapVaipito Strea
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Stream FlowsHistorical Stream Flows
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California grass (Brachiaria mutica
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FIGURE 6-3FISH AND INVERTEBRATE SUR
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Most of lower Vaipito Stream segmen
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Red mangrove should be planted with
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TABLE 6-7PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEC
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TABLE 6-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITOR
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Vehicular and pedestrian access to
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Figure 7-1Location MapLeele-Papa-Ta
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Stream flow, in some cases, is cons
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Stormwater Discharges and Related F
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AQUATIC FISH AND INVERTEBRATESGener
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Opportunities and StrategiesOption
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Figure 7-3Option 2: Reduction of Er
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TABLE 7-8PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
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TABLE 7-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITOR
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More specific monitoring of stream
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Figure 8-1Location MapSauino Stream
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Stream FlowsHistorical Stream Flows
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AQUATIC FISH AND INVERTEBRATESGener
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Figure 8-3Option 1: Construction of
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FIGURE 8-5OPTION 2: PLANT NATIVE RI
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Page 145 and 146: TABLE 8-8FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
Page 147 and 148: TABLE 8-8 (Continued)FIELD MONITORI
Page 149 and 150: LOCATIONChapter NineLEAFU STREAMLea
Page 151 and 152: Figure 9-2Leone Pala and 300-Foot L
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Page 155 and 156: Vegetation TrendsThe lower Leafu St
Page 157 and 158: LAND USES ADJACENT TOLOWER LEAFU ST
Page 159 and 160: Option 2: Construct Basaltic Wall,
Page 161 and 162: Figure 9-5:Stabilize East Stream Ba
Page 163 and 164: TABLE 9-7PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
Page 165 and 166: TABLE 9-8LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
Page 167 and 168: TABLE 9-9 (Continued)FIELD MONITORI
Page 169 and 170: Chapter TenASILI STREAMLOCATIONAsil
Page 171 and 172: Figure 10-2Asili Stream SegmentExis
Page 173 and 174: Stormwater Discharges and Related F
Page 175 and 176: Further downstream, the stream chan
Page 177 and 178: TABLE 10-4SUMMARY OF MACROFAUNAL OR
Page 179 and 180: American Samoa Wetlands/Streams Res
Page 181 and 182: CLEAN-UP OF LOWER ASILI STREAMLABOR
Page 183 and 184: TABLE 10-9LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITO
Page 185 and 186: TABLE 10-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITO
Page 187 and 188: Vehicular and pedestrian access to
Page 189 and 190: Figure 11-1Location MapFusi Wetland
Page 191 and 192: WETLAND VEGETATIONNovember 1999 Sur
Page 193: The lack of stream flow entering th
Page 197 and 198: Recommended Option and Estimated Pr
Page 199 and 200: TABLE 11-6FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEE
Page 201 and 202: Any future monitoring stations or s
Page 203 and 204: Project ManagerRepresentatives of a
Page 205 and 206: REFERENCESBiosystems Analysis, Inc.
Page 207 and 208: APPENDIX ASUMMARY OFPLANTSOBSERVED
Page 209 and 210: Species Family EnglishNameSamoanNam
Page 213: APPENDIX CSUMMARY OFAQUATIC MACROFA
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