american samoa - University of Hawaii at Manoa Botany Department

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During its November 1999 survey, PPC representatives informally met with Mr. AiakopuSamuelo, a matai of Nuuuli Village and an ASG Department of Public Works road supervisor.Mr. Samuelo, who has lived in Nuuuli for 48 years, recalled his personal observations of floodwaters up to four feet above the top of the stream bank near station 4+00.The potential flood plain associated with a 100-year storm event in Nuuuli was mapped by theFederal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in May, 1991. Available flood insurancerate maps prepared by FEMA suggest that residential properties along the east and west banksof the Papa Stream segment could be flooded from a 100-year storm event.VEGETATIONNovember 1999 SurveyArt Whistler of Isle Botanica conducted a botanical survey of the Papa Stream segment onNovember 5, 1999 (Figure 7-2). Mr. Whistler was part of a three-person field survey teamorganized by Pedersen Planning Consultants that observed wetland vegetation, habitat foraquatic fish and invertebrates, stream hydrology, as well as land uses within and adjacent to thewetland. His observations are summarized in the following paragraphs.The vegetation of Papa Stream was comprisedof plants growing along the stream banks. Thedominant trees along the Papa Stream segmentincluded ifi (Tahitian chestnut), falaga(Barringtonia samoensis), afa (Neonaucleaforsteri), laupata (Macaranga harveyana), ulu(breadfruit), and mango. Underneath thesetrees, the ground cover was dominated bywetland plants such as California grass, Job’stears, and mile-a-minute vine. Lesser amountsof willow primrose, (Ludwigia octovalis) andCentosteca lappacea, Kyllinga nemoralis,beggar’s-tick (Bidens alba), and basket grasswere also observed.Vegetation along Papa StreamVegetation TrendsNo prior studies of the vegetation of Papa Stream have been conducted. Consequently, nocorrelation can be made concerning historical vegetative trends.The continued use of the adjoining lands for established residential use suggests that existingvegetation will generally remain the same. At the same time, the planting of more trees such asbanana and breadfruit is probable as residents supplement their diets with these traditionalcrops.American Samoa Wetland/Stream Restoration and Enhancement PlanFebruary 2001, Papa Stream, Page 7-7
AQUATIC FISH AND INVERTEBRATESGeneralOn November 5, 1999, Charles Chong of the PPC field survey team made observations ofaquatic fish and invertebrates along the 1,200-foot segment of Papa Stream. His observationsare summarized in the following paragraphs.This segment of Papa Stream contained habitat that primarily represented shallow riffle with acobble substrata.At the upstream end of the stream segment,there is a small, concrete weir that extendsacross the entire width of the stream bed(station 11+80). In this location, there was aperiphyton complex of Cladophora andSpirogyra covering the rocks. The presenceof Cladophora and Spirogyra was, in part, dueto the open canopy at this site. No solidwaste material was observed.Downstream of the concrete dam structure, the stream was heavily polluted with householdgarbage. There was visual evidence that this solid waste material had been dumped by someresidents living adjacent to the stream.FishTwo species of Stiphodon and two species of Sicyopterus were abundant in Papa Stream.Kuhlia spp. were common, but no anguillids were observed during the survey. Althoughgobies were well represented, other macrofaunal organisms were absent.InvertebratesMacrobrachium lar was the only crustacean documented in the stream. No neritids wereobserved along the stream segment. The lack of some species may have been due toelevational preferences of some organisms. Some organisms may be present at higherelevations of Papa Stream, Leele Stream, and Tauese Stream.There may be many factors that favor gobies over other taxa in Papa Stream. Long-termmonitoring at various elevations is needed to explain the abundance and diversity of organismsin this stream.Relative Abundance and Diversity of Fish and InvertebratesA site specific summary of macrofaunal organisms observed during the survey are summarizedin Table 7-4. Genera are listed in order of descending abundance within their taxonomic group.TABLE 7-4SUMMARY OF MACROFAUNAL ORGANISMSOBSERVED ALONG PAPA STREAMStream Location Fishes Crustaceans MolluscsFormer Navy weir site(approximately 1,180 feetupstream of Route 1 streamcrossing)Sicyopterus (2 spp.)Stiphodon (2 spp.)KuhliaMacrobrachium NoneAmerican Samoa Wetland/Stream Restoration and Enhancement PlanFebruary 2001, Papa Stream, Page 7-8
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Asili StreamAMERICAN SAMOAWETLAND/S
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American SamoaWetland/Stream Restor
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American Samoa Wetland/Stream Resto
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Figure 1-1Location of Potential Wet
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Onsite InvestigationsNovember 1999G
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Where appropriate, stream cross sec
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Chapter TwoTULA WETLANDLOCATIONTula
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Figure 2-2Tula WetlandExisting Cond
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Improved channelization of stormwat
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LAND USES IN THE VICINITY OF TULA W
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Figure 2-3Option 2: Detention of St
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Figure 2-4Option 3: Expansion of Ta
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Comparative Benefits and ImpactsPPC
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TABLE 2-4PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
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TABLE 2-5LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
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TABLE 2-6 (CONTINUED)FIELD MONITORI
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Chapter ThreeALAO WETLANDLOCATIONAl
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Figure 3-2Taufusi MarchExisting Con
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Figure 3-3FEMA 100-Year Flood Plain
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East Portion of the MarshThe impact
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WETLAND RESTORATION AND ENHANCEMENT
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The availability of new, blight-res
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Long-Term Monitoring and Site Maint
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TABLE 3-7FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
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Recommended monitoring stations or
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Figure 4-1Location MapAoa Village W
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No stream flow estimates are availa
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Fresh-Water SwampThe fresh-water sw
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ecome dominant if there is a nearby
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Relative Abundance and Diversity of
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Option 4: Restore Mangrove Forest U
Page 67 and 68: TABLE 4-5COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONWETL
Page 69 and 70: Long-term resource management activ
Page 71 and 72: TABLE 4-9FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
Page 73 and 74: • begin at the Tapua Stream mouth
Page 75 and 76: Figure 5-1Location MapSoutheast Wet
Page 77 and 78: Tufu Stream and two stream branches
Page 79 and 80: Mr. Whistler was part of a three-pe
Page 81 and 82: InvertebratesCrustacean densities w
Page 83 and 84: FIGURE 5-3OPTION 1: RESTORE RIPARIA
Page 85 and 86: TABLE 5-4COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONWETL
Page 87 and 88: Long term monitoring of the Vatia w
Page 91 and 92: More specific monitoring of stream
Page 93 and 94: Figure 6-1Location MapVaipito Strea
Page 95 and 96: Stream FlowsHistorical Stream Flows
Page 97 and 98: California grass (Brachiaria mutica
Page 99 and 100: FIGURE 6-3FISH AND INVERTEBRATE SUR
Page 101 and 102: Most of lower Vaipito Stream segmen
Page 103 and 104: Red mangrove should be planted with
Page 105 and 106: TABLE 6-7PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEC
Page 107 and 108: TABLE 6-9LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
Page 109 and 110: TABLE 6-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITOR
Page 111 and 112: Vehicular and pedestrian access to
Page 113 and 114: Figure 7-1Location MapLeele-Papa-Ta
Page 115 and 116: Stream flow, in some cases, is cons
Page 117: Stormwater Discharges and Related F
Page 121 and 122: Opportunities and StrategiesOption
Page 123 and 124: Figure 7-3Option 2: Reduction of Er
Page 125 and 126: TABLE 7-8PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
Page 129 and 130: TABLE 7-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITOR
Page 131 and 132: More specific monitoring of stream
Page 133 and 134: Figure 8-1Location MapSauino Stream
Page 135 and 136: Stream FlowsHistorical Stream Flows
Page 137 and 138: AQUATIC FISH AND INVERTEBRATESGener
Page 139 and 140: Figure 8-3Option 1: Construction of
Page 141 and 142: FIGURE 8-5OPTION 2: PLANT NATIVE RI
Page 143 and 144: Long-Term Monitoring and Site Maint
Page 147 and 148: TABLE 8-8 (Continued)FIELD MONITORI
Page 149 and 150: LOCATIONChapter NineLEAFU STREAMLea
Page 151 and 152: Figure 9-2Leone Pala and 300-Foot L
Page 153 and 154: However, during and following heavi
Page 155 and 156: Vegetation TrendsThe lower Leafu St
Page 157 and 158: LAND USES ADJACENT TOLOWER LEAFU ST
Page 159 and 160: Option 2: Construct Basaltic Wall,
Page 161 and 162: Figure 9-5:Stabilize East Stream Ba
Page 163 and 164: TABLE 9-7PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
Page 167 and 168: TABLE 9-9 (Continued)FIELD MONITORI
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Chapter TenASILI STREAMLOCATIONAsil
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Figure 10-2Asili Stream SegmentExis
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Stormwater Discharges and Related F
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Further downstream, the stream chan
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TABLE 10-4SUMMARY OF MACROFAUNAL OR
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American Samoa Wetlands/Streams Res
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CLEAN-UP OF LOWER ASILI STREAMLABOR
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TABLE 10-9LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITO
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TABLE 10-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITO
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Vehicular and pedestrian access to
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Figure 11-1Location MapFusi Wetland
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WETLAND VEGETATIONNovember 1999 Sur
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The lack of stream flow entering th
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Figure 11-3Option 1: Remove Solid W
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Recommended Option and Estimated Pr
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TABLE 11-6FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEE
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Any future monitoring stations or s
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Project ManagerRepresentatives of a
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REFERENCESBiosystems Analysis, Inc.
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APPENDIX ASUMMARY OFPLANTSOBSERVED
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Species Family EnglishNameSamoanNam
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APPENDIX CSUMMARY OFAQUATIC MACROFA
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