american samoa - University of Hawaii at Manoa Botany Department

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VEGETATIONNovember 1999 SurveyArt Whistler of Isle Botanica conducted a botanical survey of the lower Sauino Stream segmenton November 5, 1999. Mr. Whistler was part of a three-person field survey team organized byPedersen Planning Consultants that observed wetland vegetation, habitat for aquatic fish andinvertebrates, stream hydrology, as well as land uses within and adjacent to the wetland. Hisobservations are summarized in the following paragraphs.The vegetation along the 600-foot Sauino Streamdiffers considerably between the north and southsides of the stream channel.Vegetation along the south side of the channelcontained maintained grasses such as vaolima(T-grass) and Kyllinga brevifolia. Lesseramounts of carpet grass (Axonopus compressus),Alternanthera sessilis, and Kyllinga nemoralis.A smaller banana plantation was also adjacent tothe south side of the channel. None of the grassor tree species were obligate or facultativewetland plants.The north side of the stream channel resembled more of a wetland environment. This area wasdominated by California grass, Job’s tears, T-grass, and Merremia umbellata. Job’s tears andCalifornia grass are both facultative wetland species.Vegetation TrendsPrior studies of the vegetation of along lower Sauino Stream were conducted by BiosystemsAnalysis, Inc. A brief mention was made of a “hummocky area” between South PacificTraders (now Laufou Shopping Center) and Lion’s Park.Within a species checklist, botanists noted that the “hummocky area” was dominated primarilyby vaolima (T-grass) and Merremia umbellata. Drier margins were dominated by beggar’s-tick(Bidens alba) and a sensitive plant vao fefe (Mimosa pindica). No meaningful correlation canbe made concerning historical vegetative trends since the more general location of the“hummocky area” is not comparable to the more specific stream segment along Sauino Stream.However, it is interesting to note that both vaolima (T-grass) and Merremia umbellata wereidentified by both surveys.In the absence of other plantings, the continued maintenance of grasses along the south side ofthe 600-foot stream segment will likely maintain the presence of existing grasses. The northside of the channel may also continue to support California grass and Job’s tears unless bananaplantations are established. Residential expansion is not expected in light of the flood potentialin the vicinity of the stream segment.American Samoa Wetlands/Streams Restoration and Enhancement PlanFebruary 2001, Sauino Stream, Page 8-5
AQUATIC FISH AND INVERTEBRATESGeneralOn November 5, 1999, Charles Chong of the PPC field survey team made observations ofaquatic fish and invertebrates along the 600-foot segment of lower Sauino Stream. Hisobservations are summarized in the following paragraphs.This segment of Sauino Stream represented a relatively narrow, earth-lined channel. A streamflow of about one to two cfs was observed during the survey. Rainfall had occurred during, atleast, one day prior to the survey.Dragon/damsel flies (Odonates) were abundant. These introduced insects may be consideredimportant for stream integrity (Steele, 2000).FishTwo species of fish were abundant along the stream channel. These species included Poeciliamexicana and Poecilia reticulata.InvertebratesNo crustaceans were documented along the entire stream channel segment.In American Samoa, each watershed is unique and can be expected to contain different aquaticorganisms. The variation depends upon surface water flow regimes, water quality, and othergeophysical characteristics. With perennial, unimpeded stream flow to the ocean, the wetlandcould possibly include some or all of the type of aquatic animals summarized in Appendix B.Relative Abundance and Diversity of Fish and InvertebratesA site specific summary of macrofaunal organisms observed during the survey are summarizedin Table 8-3. Genera are listed in order of descending abundance within their taxonomic group.TABLE 8-3SUMMARY OF MACROFAUNAL ORGANISMSOBSERVED ALONG SAUINO STREAMStream Location Fishes Crustaceans Molluscs600-foot stream segment Poecilia (2 spp.) None NoneSource: Chong, 2000The relative abundance and diversity of fish and invertebrates along the lower Sauino Streamsegment is summarized in Table 8-4. The characterization of relative abundance and diversityreflects a general comparison of the abundance and diversity of fish and invertebrates observedalong the Sauino Stream segment with all 10 sites evaluated for the Wetland/StreamRestoration and Enhancement Plan.The abundance and diversity of fish and molluscs were lower compared to the other 10 sitesinvestigated for the study.American Samoa Wetlands/Streams Restoration and Enhancement PlanFebruary 2001, Sauino Stream, Page 8-6
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Asili StreamAMERICAN SAMOAWETLAND/S
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American SamoaWetland/Stream Restor
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American Samoa Wetland/Stream Resto
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Figure 1-1Location of Potential Wet
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Onsite InvestigationsNovember 1999G
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Where appropriate, stream cross sec
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Chapter TwoTULA WETLANDLOCATIONTula
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Figure 2-2Tula WetlandExisting Cond
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Improved channelization of stormwat
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LAND USES IN THE VICINITY OF TULA W
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Figure 2-3Option 2: Detention of St
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Figure 2-4Option 3: Expansion of Ta
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Comparative Benefits and ImpactsPPC
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TABLE 2-4PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
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TABLE 2-5LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
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TABLE 2-6 (CONTINUED)FIELD MONITORI
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Chapter ThreeALAO WETLANDLOCATIONAl
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Figure 3-2Taufusi MarchExisting Con
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Figure 3-3FEMA 100-Year Flood Plain
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East Portion of the MarshThe impact
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WETLAND RESTORATION AND ENHANCEMENT
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The availability of new, blight-res
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Long-Term Monitoring and Site Maint
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TABLE 3-7FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
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Recommended monitoring stations or
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Figure 4-1Location MapAoa Village W
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No stream flow estimates are availa
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Fresh-Water SwampThe fresh-water sw
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ecome dominant if there is a nearby
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Relative Abundance and Diversity of
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Option 4: Restore Mangrove Forest U
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TABLE 4-5COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONWETL
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Long-term resource management activ
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TABLE 4-9FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
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• begin at the Tapua Stream mouth
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Figure 5-1Location MapSoutheast Wet
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Tufu Stream and two stream branches
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Mr. Whistler was part of a three-pe
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InvertebratesCrustacean densities w
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FIGURE 5-3OPTION 1: RESTORE RIPARIA
Page 85 and 86: TABLE 5-4COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONWETL
Page 87 and 88: Long term monitoring of the Vatia w
Page 89 and 90: TABLE 5-8FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
Page 91 and 92: More specific monitoring of stream
Page 93 and 94: Figure 6-1Location MapVaipito Strea
Page 95 and 96: Stream FlowsHistorical Stream Flows
Page 97 and 98: California grass (Brachiaria mutica
Page 99 and 100: FIGURE 6-3FISH AND INVERTEBRATE SUR
Page 101 and 102: Most of lower Vaipito Stream segmen
Page 103 and 104: Red mangrove should be planted with
Page 105 and 106: TABLE 6-7PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEC
Page 107 and 108: TABLE 6-9LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
Page 109 and 110: TABLE 6-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITOR
Page 111 and 112: Vehicular and pedestrian access to
Page 113 and 114: Figure 7-1Location MapLeele-Papa-Ta
Page 115 and 116: Stream flow, in some cases, is cons
Page 117 and 118: Stormwater Discharges and Related F
Page 119 and 120: AQUATIC FISH AND INVERTEBRATESGener
Page 121 and 122: Opportunities and StrategiesOption
Page 123 and 124: Figure 7-3Option 2: Reduction of Er
Page 125 and 126: TABLE 7-8PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
Page 129 and 130: TABLE 7-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITOR
Page 131 and 132: More specific monitoring of stream
Page 133 and 134: Figure 8-1Location MapSauino Stream
Page 135: Stream FlowsHistorical Stream Flows
Page 139 and 140: Figure 8-3Option 1: Construction of
Page 141 and 142: FIGURE 8-5OPTION 2: PLANT NATIVE RI
Page 143 and 144: Long-Term Monitoring and Site Maint
Page 145 and 146: TABLE 8-8FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
Page 147 and 148: TABLE 8-8 (Continued)FIELD MONITORI
Page 149 and 150: LOCATIONChapter NineLEAFU STREAMLea
Page 151 and 152: Figure 9-2Leone Pala and 300-Foot L
Page 153 and 154: However, during and following heavi
Page 155 and 156: Vegetation TrendsThe lower Leafu St
Page 157 and 158: LAND USES ADJACENT TOLOWER LEAFU ST
Page 159 and 160: Option 2: Construct Basaltic Wall,
Page 161 and 162: Figure 9-5:Stabilize East Stream Ba
Page 163 and 164: TABLE 9-7PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
Page 167 and 168: TABLE 9-9 (Continued)FIELD MONITORI
Page 169 and 170: Chapter TenASILI STREAMLOCATIONAsil
Page 171 and 172: Figure 10-2Asili Stream SegmentExis
Page 173 and 174: Stormwater Discharges and Related F
Page 175 and 176: Further downstream, the stream chan
Page 177 and 178: TABLE 10-4SUMMARY OF MACROFAUNAL OR
Page 179 and 180: American Samoa Wetlands/Streams Res
Page 181 and 182: CLEAN-UP OF LOWER ASILI STREAMLABOR
Page 183 and 184: TABLE 10-9LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITO
Page 185 and 186: TABLE 10-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITO
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Vehicular and pedestrian access to
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Figure 11-1Location MapFusi Wetland
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WETLAND VEGETATIONNovember 1999 Sur
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The lack of stream flow entering th
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Figure 11-3Option 1: Remove Solid W
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Recommended Option and Estimated Pr
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TABLE 11-6FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEE
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Any future monitoring stations or s
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Project ManagerRepresentatives of a
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REFERENCESBiosystems Analysis, Inc.
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APPENDIX ASUMMARY OFPLANTSOBSERVED
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Species Family EnglishNameSamoanNam
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APPENDIX CSUMMARY OFAQUATIC MACROFA
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american samoa - University of Hawaii at Manoa Botany Department

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