american samoa - University of Hawaii at Manoa Botany Department

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OPTION 1: RESTORE MANGROVE FOREST ALONG LOWER VAIPITO STREAMAmerican Samoa Wetland/Stream Restoration and Enhancement PlanFebruary 2001, Vaipito Stream, Page 6-11
Red mangrove should be planted within the stream bed since red mangrove can sustain itself inwaters with somewhat higher salt water concentrations (Stemmermann, 1981). In contrast,oriental mangroves should be planted higher along stream banks (Steele, 1999).The initial planting of mangroves propagules or seedlings should be approximately 3 feet apart.Within three years, mangroves should be thinned to about a six-foot spacing between eachplant (Steele, 1999).The diversity of riparian vegetation could also be enhanced with the addition of 100 ifi(Tahitian chestnut) and falaga along the stream banks. However, these trees should be plantedat least 200 feet upstream of the Vaipito Stream mouth to keep the trees away from streamareas subjected to tidal influence.Trees along the stream banks would also be interspersed with the planting of approximately100 littoral/coastal plants. Such plantings would include a combination of fetau, pu’a, gataeand talie.In-stream plantings of red mangrove should be carried out by experienced technicians of theASCC Land Grant Program. However, Land Grant representatives should attempt to involvelocal residents in the replanting of oriental mangrove, as well as ifi and falaga trees along thestream banks.Option 2: No ActionASEPA and the American Samoa Community College, Land Grant Program completed asignificant stream restoration project in 1996 that resulted in the planting of some 569 treesalong lower Vaipito Stream. In view of these improvements, Option 2 would make no furtherstream restoration and enhancement improvements along Vaipito Stream.Comparative Benefits and ImpactsPPC’s evaluation of the two alternate restoration and enhancement strategies is summarized inTable 6-6. Option 1 would restore mangrove vegetation just upstream of the Vaipito Streammouth and provide significant improvements to wetland and riparian vegetation, as well asstream bank stability, for a reasonable cost. These improvements would also enhance theattractiveness of adjoining Pago Park and not constrain recreational uses in this area. Thepresence of government lands in the restoration area will also facilitate access to futureplantings and thinning activities, as well as long-term monitoring. In addition, some nominalimprovements in fish and invertebrate habitat may be generated from in-stream plantings of thered mangrove.The viability of mangrove restoration upstream of the Vaipito Stream mouth has some risks.Larger stormwater events may remove all plantings until the mangrove trees become wellestablished. In addition, mangrove plantings will also somewhat diminish the capacity of thestream to discharge higher stream flows following stormwater events.American Samoa Wetland/Stream Restoration and Enhancement PlanFebruary 2001, Vaipito Stream, Page 6-12
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Asili StreamAMERICAN SAMOAWETLAND/S
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American SamoaWetland/Stream Restor
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American Samoa Wetland/Stream Resto
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Figure 1-1Location of Potential Wet
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Onsite InvestigationsNovember 1999G
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Where appropriate, stream cross sec
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Chapter TwoTULA WETLANDLOCATIONTula
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Figure 2-2Tula WetlandExisting Cond
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Improved channelization of stormwat
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LAND USES IN THE VICINITY OF TULA W
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Figure 2-3Option 2: Detention of St
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Figure 2-4Option 3: Expansion of Ta
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Comparative Benefits and ImpactsPPC
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TABLE 2-4PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
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TABLE 2-5LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
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TABLE 2-6 (CONTINUED)FIELD MONITORI
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Chapter ThreeALAO WETLANDLOCATIONAl
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Figure 3-2Taufusi MarchExisting Con
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Figure 3-3FEMA 100-Year Flood Plain
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East Portion of the MarshThe impact
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WETLAND RESTORATION AND ENHANCEMENT
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The availability of new, blight-res
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Long-Term Monitoring and Site Maint
Page 51 and 52: TABLE 3-7FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
Page 53 and 54: Recommended monitoring stations or
Page 55 and 56: Figure 4-1Location MapAoa Village W
Page 57 and 58: No stream flow estimates are availa
Page 59 and 60: Fresh-Water SwampThe fresh-water sw
Page 61 and 62: ecome dominant if there is a nearby
Page 63 and 64: Relative Abundance and Diversity of
Page 65 and 66: Option 4: Restore Mangrove Forest U
Page 67 and 68: TABLE 4-5COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONWETL
Page 69 and 70: Long-term resource management activ
Page 73 and 74: • begin at the Tapua Stream mouth
Page 75 and 76: Figure 5-1Location MapSoutheast Wet
Page 77 and 78: Tufu Stream and two stream branches
Page 79 and 80: Mr. Whistler was part of a three-pe
Page 81 and 82: InvertebratesCrustacean densities w
Page 83 and 84: FIGURE 5-3OPTION 1: RESTORE RIPARIA
Page 85 and 86: TABLE 5-4COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONWETL
Page 87 and 88: Long term monitoring of the Vatia w
Page 91 and 92: More specific monitoring of stream
Page 93 and 94: Figure 6-1Location MapVaipito Strea
Page 95 and 96: Stream FlowsHistorical Stream Flows
Page 97 and 98: California grass (Brachiaria mutica
Page 99 and 100: FIGURE 6-3FISH AND INVERTEBRATE SUR
Page 101: Most of lower Vaipito Stream segmen
Page 105 and 106: TABLE 6-7PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEC
Page 107 and 108: TABLE 6-9LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
Page 109 and 110: TABLE 6-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITOR
Page 111 and 112: Vehicular and pedestrian access to
Page 113 and 114: Figure 7-1Location MapLeele-Papa-Ta
Page 115 and 116: Stream flow, in some cases, is cons
Page 117 and 118: Stormwater Discharges and Related F
Page 119 and 120: AQUATIC FISH AND INVERTEBRATESGener
Page 121 and 122: Opportunities and StrategiesOption
Page 123 and 124: Figure 7-3Option 2: Reduction of Er
Page 125 and 126: TABLE 7-8PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
Page 127 and 128: TABLE 7-9LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
Page 129 and 130: TABLE 7-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITOR
Page 131 and 132: More specific monitoring of stream
Page 133 and 134: Figure 8-1Location MapSauino Stream
Page 135 and 136: Stream FlowsHistorical Stream Flows
Page 137 and 138: AQUATIC FISH AND INVERTEBRATESGener
Page 139 and 140: Figure 8-3Option 1: Construction of
Page 141 and 142: FIGURE 8-5OPTION 2: PLANT NATIVE RI
Page 143 and 144: Long-Term Monitoring and Site Maint
Page 147 and 148: TABLE 8-8 (Continued)FIELD MONITORI
Page 149 and 150: LOCATIONChapter NineLEAFU STREAMLea
Page 151 and 152: Figure 9-2Leone Pala and 300-Foot L
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However, during and following heavi
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Vegetation TrendsThe lower Leafu St
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LAND USES ADJACENT TOLOWER LEAFU ST
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Option 2: Construct Basaltic Wall,
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Figure 9-5:Stabilize East Stream Ba
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TABLE 9-7PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
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TABLE 9-8LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
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TABLE 9-9 (Continued)FIELD MONITORI
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Chapter TenASILI STREAMLOCATIONAsil
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Figure 10-2Asili Stream SegmentExis
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Stormwater Discharges and Related F
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Further downstream, the stream chan
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TABLE 10-4SUMMARY OF MACROFAUNAL OR
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American Samoa Wetlands/Streams Res
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CLEAN-UP OF LOWER ASILI STREAMLABOR
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TABLE 10-9LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITO
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TABLE 10-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITO
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Vehicular and pedestrian access to
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Figure 11-1Location MapFusi Wetland
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WETLAND VEGETATIONNovember 1999 Sur
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The lack of stream flow entering th
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Figure 11-3Option 1: Remove Solid W
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Recommended Option and Estimated Pr
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TABLE 11-6FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEE
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Any future monitoring stations or s
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Project ManagerRepresentatives of a
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REFERENCESBiosystems Analysis, Inc.
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APPENDIX ASUMMARY OFPLANTSOBSERVED
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Species Family EnglishNameSamoanNam
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APPENDIX CSUMMARY OFAQUATIC MACROFA
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american samoa - University of Hawaii at Manoa Botany Department

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