american samoa - University of Hawaii at Manoa Botany Department

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More specific monitoring of stream fauna should be made along lower Leafu Streamapproximately 400-500 feet upstream of the Leafu Stream mouth. Such monitoring shouldinclude the collection of driftnet samples of outgoing larvae, at least two times per month, for3-4 hour evening periods. The driftnets (150-200 ųm mesh) should be attached to rebarpounded into the stream substrata, or simply suspended from trees or bridges to that the net is atthe surface of the water. The samples would subsequently be preserved in ethanol. The typeand number of fish and crustaceans should be enumerated using a dissecting microscope. Useof the dissecting microscope will likely require a 2-3 day training class and the necessaryequipment.Molluscs should be monitored by mark-recapture methodology, or quadrant counts at nightsince most are primarily nocturnal. Some training in these techniques is recommended.Site MaintenancePeriodic site maintenance should take place along the 300-foot stream segment approximatelyfour times per year. Household and agricultural wastes along the 300-foot segment of LeafuStream are expected to represent the primary focus of long-term site maintenance.A crew of three persons will be necessary to periodically collect and remove discarded solidwaste material from the 300-foot segment of Leafu Stream. Periodic cleanups would occurshortly after significant rainfall and stormwater events. Machetes and weed-eaters will berequired to periodically trim vegetation along selected portions of the stream channel.American Samoa Wetlands/Streams Restoration and Enhancement PlanFebruary 2001, Leafu Stream, Page 9-20
Chapter TenASILI STREAMLOCATIONAsili Stream is located along the southwest coast of the Island of Tutuila (Figure 10-1). Thestream segment investigated for this study extends from the Asili Stream mouth to about 1,000feet upstream of the shoreline (Figure 10-2).STREAM HYDROLOGYSources of Surface RunoffThe Asili Stream drainage carries surface runoff from the south and southwest slopes of acentral plateau in west Tutuila that is situated west of Aoloaufou. This central plateau issituated at about the 1,200-foot elevation.Seven tributaries contribute runoff to the main stem of Asili Stream between the 180-foot and800-foot elevation. Downstream of these confluences, the main stem of the stream continuesdownslope, through Asili Village, to the adjoining shoreline.General Stream CharacteristicsStream cross-sections documented by PPC in November 1999 indicate that the width of thestream segment (between east and west stream banks) ranges between 17 and 43 feet (Figure10-2). The depth of the stream channel (between the top of bank to the bottom of the streambed) is between 2.0 and 7.5-feet along the east side of the stream. Along the west side of thestream, the depth of the stream channel ranges between 2 and 10 feet below the stream bank.The stream channel bed is composed of exposed basalt and larger boulders, smaller rockcobble, sand, and decomposed organic material. Rock and solid waste material are found atvarious points within the streambed, as well as along the banks of the stream. A sandystreambed is evident between the stream mouth and the Route 1 bridge.In November 1999, general stream channel characteristics exhibited signs of former streamdischarges that contained significant stream volume and velocity. Immediately above thevillage, residents informed PPC representatives that they have observed the flooding of themost upstream residential property along the west side of the stream. A survey of the streamchannel upstream of this property by PPC suggests that flooding has probably been generatedby larger basaltic boulders that have apparently been carried into the main stem of the streamduring more recent stormwater events. A small “island” of land area appeared to have recentlyformed along the west bank of the stream. The presence of larger boulders upstream may havemodified the former path of stream flow. With the change in stream flow path, storm flowsgradually bisected a portion of the west stream bank. Consequently, future stormwater flowsmay soon threaten the most upstream residence in Asili Village.American Samoa Wetlands/Streams Restoration and Enhancement PlanFebruary 2001, Asili Stream, Page 10-1
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Asili StreamAMERICAN SAMOAWETLAND/S
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American SamoaWetland/Stream Restor
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American Samoa Wetland/Stream Resto
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Figure 1-1Location of Potential Wet
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Onsite InvestigationsNovember 1999G
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Where appropriate, stream cross sec
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Chapter TwoTULA WETLANDLOCATIONTula
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Figure 2-2Tula WetlandExisting Cond
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Improved channelization of stormwat
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LAND USES IN THE VICINITY OF TULA W
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Figure 2-3Option 2: Detention of St
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Figure 2-4Option 3: Expansion of Ta
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Comparative Benefits and ImpactsPPC
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TABLE 2-4PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
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TABLE 2-5LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
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TABLE 2-6 (CONTINUED)FIELD MONITORI
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Chapter ThreeALAO WETLANDLOCATIONAl
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Figure 3-2Taufusi MarchExisting Con
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Figure 3-3FEMA 100-Year Flood Plain
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East Portion of the MarshThe impact
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WETLAND RESTORATION AND ENHANCEMENT
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The availability of new, blight-res
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Long-Term Monitoring and Site Maint
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TABLE 3-7FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
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Recommended monitoring stations or
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Figure 4-1Location MapAoa Village W
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No stream flow estimates are availa
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Fresh-Water SwampThe fresh-water sw
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ecome dominant if there is a nearby
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Relative Abundance and Diversity of
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Option 4: Restore Mangrove Forest U
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TABLE 4-5COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONWETL
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Long-term resource management activ
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• begin at the Tapua Stream mouth
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Figure 5-1Location MapSoutheast Wet
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Tufu Stream and two stream branches
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Mr. Whistler was part of a three-pe
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InvertebratesCrustacean densities w
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FIGURE 5-3OPTION 1: RESTORE RIPARIA
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TABLE 5-4COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONWETL
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Long term monitoring of the Vatia w
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More specific monitoring of stream
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Figure 6-1Location MapVaipito Strea
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Stream FlowsHistorical Stream Flows
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California grass (Brachiaria mutica
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FIGURE 6-3FISH AND INVERTEBRATE SUR
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Most of lower Vaipito Stream segmen
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Red mangrove should be planted with
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TABLE 6-7PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEC
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TABLE 6-9LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
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TABLE 6-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITOR
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Vehicular and pedestrian access to
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Figure 7-1Location MapLeele-Papa-Ta
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Stream flow, in some cases, is cons
Page 117 and 118: Stormwater Discharges and Related F
Page 119 and 120: AQUATIC FISH AND INVERTEBRATESGener
Page 121 and 122: Opportunities and StrategiesOption
Page 123 and 124: Figure 7-3Option 2: Reduction of Er
Page 125 and 126: TABLE 7-8PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
Page 127 and 128: TABLE 7-9LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
Page 129 and 130: TABLE 7-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITOR
Page 131 and 132: More specific monitoring of stream
Page 133 and 134: Figure 8-1Location MapSauino Stream
Page 135 and 136: Stream FlowsHistorical Stream Flows
Page 137 and 138: AQUATIC FISH AND INVERTEBRATESGener
Page 139 and 140: Figure 8-3Option 1: Construction of
Page 141 and 142: FIGURE 8-5OPTION 2: PLANT NATIVE RI
Page 143 and 144: Long-Term Monitoring and Site Maint
Page 145 and 146: TABLE 8-8FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
Page 147 and 148: TABLE 8-8 (Continued)FIELD MONITORI
Page 149 and 150: LOCATIONChapter NineLEAFU STREAMLea
Page 151 and 152: Figure 9-2Leone Pala and 300-Foot L
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Page 155 and 156: Vegetation TrendsThe lower Leafu St
Page 157 and 158: LAND USES ADJACENT TOLOWER LEAFU ST
Page 159 and 160: Option 2: Construct Basaltic Wall,
Page 161 and 162: Figure 9-5:Stabilize East Stream Ba
Page 163 and 164: TABLE 9-7PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
Page 165 and 166: TABLE 9-8LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
Page 167: TABLE 9-9 (Continued)FIELD MONITORI
Page 171 and 172: Figure 10-2Asili Stream SegmentExis
Page 173 and 174: Stormwater Discharges and Related F
Page 175 and 176: Further downstream, the stream chan
Page 177 and 178: TABLE 10-4SUMMARY OF MACROFAUNAL OR
Page 179 and 180: American Samoa Wetlands/Streams Res
Page 181 and 182: CLEAN-UP OF LOWER ASILI STREAMLABOR
Page 183 and 184: TABLE 10-9LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITO
Page 185 and 186: TABLE 10-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITO
Page 187 and 188: Vehicular and pedestrian access to
Page 189 and 190: Figure 11-1Location MapFusi Wetland
Page 191 and 192: WETLAND VEGETATIONNovember 1999 Sur
Page 193 and 194: The lack of stream flow entering th
Page 195 and 196: Figure 11-3Option 1: Remove Solid W
Page 197 and 198: Recommended Option and Estimated Pr
Page 199 and 200: TABLE 11-6FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEE
Page 201 and 202: Any future monitoring stations or s
Page 203 and 204: Project ManagerRepresentatives of a
Page 205 and 206: REFERENCESBiosystems Analysis, Inc.
Page 207 and 208: APPENDIX ASUMMARY OFPLANTSOBSERVED
Page 209 and 210: Species Family EnglishNameSamoanNam
Page 213: APPENDIX CSUMMARY OFAQUATIC MACROFA
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american samoa - University of Hawaii at Manoa Botany Department

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