american samoa - University of Hawaii at Manoa Botany Department

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Long term monitoring of the Tula wetland restoration project will require periodicexaminations of:• changes in stream channel trapezoids;• potential stream modifications;• the benefits derived from restoration of the wetland stormwater detention function;• the survival of new wetland vegetation; and,• changes in adjoining land uses.The types of information needed, monitoring frequency, monitoring locations, and evaluationparameters are summarized in Table 2-5. A field work sheet or checklist, which can be used inthe field, is provided in Table 2-6.Future resource monitoring can be effectively performed through bi-annual site visits to theTula wetland and related stream channels. This approach will enable comparisons during wet(December through March) and dry (April through November) seasons of the year. Additionalvisits should also take place during and/or following significant stormwater events that may begenerated from periods of significant rainfall.The availability of the American Samoa geographical information system enables theincorporation of most all resource monitoring information within the GIS. Field data can besummarized in attribute tables or databases. Digital photos can be linked to digital maps of therestoration site.Recommended monitoring stations or sites (Figure 2-5) should be used consistently unlessunanticipated events, new land uses, or access issues prevent continued use. When necessary,changes in the location of monitoring stations should be documented and spatially locatedwithin the American Samoa GIS. PPC has provided digital files for the Wetland and StreamRestoration and Enhancement Plan that provide a departure point for future resourcemonitoring in the vicinity of the Tula wetland.Digital photos should also be dated and subsequently incorporated into the digital photo albumfor the Tula wetland. This will enable a long-term comparison of resource information by ASGstaff and consultants that may be used to perform long-term resource monitoring.Vehicular and pedestrian access to selected monitoring stations is largely dependent upon thecooperation and authorization of local residents. Traditional leaders of the Tula VillageCouncil should be contacted before any long-term monitoring activities are initiated and carriedout.Site MaintenancePeriodic site maintenance should take place within the Tula wetland, lower Vailoa Stream, andthe proposed stream channel approximately four times per year. Human disposal of solidwastes within the wetland and the two stream channels is expected to represent the primaryfocus of long-term site maintenance.A crew of three to four persons will be necessary to walk the length of the two stream channelswithin the inhabited village area. Through the use of machetes and weed-eaters, the slopes ofboth earth-lined channels will require the periodic trimming of vegetation along selectedportions of the stream channels. The collection of solid wastes will also be necessary tominimize obstructions to stream flow and potential reductions in channel capacity.American Samoa Wetland/Stream Restoration and Enhancement PlanFebruary 2001, Tula Wetland, Page 2-16
TABLE 2-5LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITORING REQUIREMENTSAMERICAN SAMOA WETLAND RESTORATION AND ENHANCEMENT PLANTULA WETLANDResource Information Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring EvaluationRequirement Frequency Method Location(s) ParametersWetland/Stream Stream Flow 1 x (Dec-March) Visual observation Vailoa Stream: 700 feet upstream of wetland Presence of stream flow or obstructions to storm flowHydrology 1 x (April-Nov) Visual observation New channel: 400 feet upstream of wetlandWetland Outlet 1 x (Dec-March) Visual observation New outlet that will discharge into lower Presence of discharge from wetland into lower1 x (April-Nov) Visual observation Vailoa Stream Vailoa StreamStream Channel Stream channel 1 x (Dec-March) Measure manually, using tape measure Vailoa Stream: 700 feet upstream of wetland Changes in dimensions of stream channel trapezoidcross sections 1 x (April-Nov) at 100-foot intervalsNew channel: 400 feet upstream of wetlandat 100-foot intervalsStream Modifications Changes to 1 x (Dec-March) Take digital photos, measure manually Vailoa Stream: 700 feet upstream of wetland Evidence of bank erosion, changes in flow path, or newstream banks 1 x (April-Nov) using tape measure, record type & size, New channel: 400 feet upstream of wetland manmade structures along stream bank (e.g., rock walls)locate changes on map, incorporatedata into GISWater Quality Changes in land 1 x (Dec-March) Take digital photos, document type and Within 100 feet of wetland perimeter as well as Do new land uses generate non-point surface or subsurfaceuses 1 x (April-Nov) estimated size, locate changes on map, within 100 feet of Vailoa Stream and new discharges into wetland or stream channels?incorporate data into GIS stream channelsStormwater Restoration of 1 x (Dec-March) Take digital photos New water level post Water depth, in feetDetention Area stormwater 1 x (April-Nov) Document depth of water detentiondetention functionVegetation Survival of new 1 x (Dec-March) Take visual count of new plants 10 random stations around wetland perimeter Number of plants that remainvegetation 1 x (April-Nov)
Page 1 and 2: Asili StreamAMERICAN SAMOAWETLAND/S
Page 3 and 4: American SamoaWetland/Stream Restor
Page 5 and 6: American Samoa Wetland/Stream Resto
Page 11 and 12: Figure 1-1Location of Potential Wet
Page 13 and 14: Onsite InvestigationsNovember 1999G
Page 15 and 16: Where appropriate, stream cross sec
Page 17 and 18: Chapter TwoTULA WETLANDLOCATIONTula
Page 19 and 20: Figure 2-2Tula WetlandExisting Cond
Page 21 and 22: Improved channelization of stormwat
Page 23 and 24: LAND USES IN THE VICINITY OF TULA W
Page 25 and 26: Figure 2-3Option 2: Detention of St
Page 27 and 28: Figure 2-4Option 3: Expansion of Ta
Page 29 and 30: Comparative Benefits and ImpactsPPC
Page 31: TABLE 2-4PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
Page 35 and 36: TABLE 2-6 (CONTINUED)FIELD MONITORI
Page 37 and 38: Chapter ThreeALAO WETLANDLOCATIONAl
Page 39 and 40: Figure 3-2Taufusi MarchExisting Con
Page 41 and 42: Figure 3-3FEMA 100-Year Flood Plain
Page 43 and 44: East Portion of the MarshThe impact
Page 45 and 46: WETLAND RESTORATION AND ENHANCEMENT
Page 47 and 48: The availability of new, blight-res
Page 49 and 50: Long-Term Monitoring and Site Maint
Page 51 and 52: TABLE 3-7FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
Page 53 and 54: Recommended monitoring stations or
Page 55 and 56: Figure 4-1Location MapAoa Village W
Page 57 and 58: No stream flow estimates are availa
Page 59 and 60: Fresh-Water SwampThe fresh-water sw
Page 61 and 62: ecome dominant if there is a nearby
Page 63 and 64: Relative Abundance and Diversity of
Page 65 and 66: Option 4: Restore Mangrove Forest U
Page 67 and 68: TABLE 4-5COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONWETL
Page 69 and 70: Long-term resource management activ
Page 71 and 72: TABLE 4-9FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
Page 73 and 74: • begin at the Tapua Stream mouth
Page 75 and 76: Figure 5-1Location MapSoutheast Wet
Page 77 and 78: Tufu Stream and two stream branches
Page 79 and 80: Mr. Whistler was part of a three-pe
Page 81 and 82: InvertebratesCrustacean densities w
Page 83 and 84:
FIGURE 5-3OPTION 1: RESTORE RIPARIA
Page 85 and 86:
TABLE 5-4COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONWETL
Page 87 and 88:
Long term monitoring of the Vatia w
Page 89 and 90:
TABLE 5-8FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
Page 91 and 92:
More specific monitoring of stream
Page 93 and 94:
Figure 6-1Location MapVaipito Strea
Page 95 and 96:
Stream FlowsHistorical Stream Flows
Page 97 and 98:
California grass (Brachiaria mutica
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FIGURE 6-3FISH AND INVERTEBRATE SUR
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Most of lower Vaipito Stream segmen
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Red mangrove should be planted with
Page 105 and 106:
TABLE 6-7PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEC
Page 107 and 108:
TABLE 6-9LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
Page 109 and 110:
TABLE 6-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITOR
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Vehicular and pedestrian access to
Page 113 and 114:
Figure 7-1Location MapLeele-Papa-Ta
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Stream flow, in some cases, is cons
Page 117 and 118:
Stormwater Discharges and Related F
Page 119 and 120:
AQUATIC FISH AND INVERTEBRATESGener
Page 121 and 122:
Opportunities and StrategiesOption
Page 123 and 124:
Figure 7-3Option 2: Reduction of Er
Page 125 and 126:
TABLE 7-8PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
TABLE 7-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITOR
Page 131 and 132:
More specific monitoring of stream
Page 133 and 134:
Figure 8-1Location MapSauino Stream
Page 135 and 136:
Stream FlowsHistorical Stream Flows
Page 137 and 138:
AQUATIC FISH AND INVERTEBRATESGener
Page 139 and 140:
Figure 8-3Option 1: Construction of
Page 141 and 142:
FIGURE 8-5OPTION 2: PLANT NATIVE RI
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Long-Term Monitoring and Site Maint
Page 145 and 146:
TABLE 8-8FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
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TABLE 8-8 (Continued)FIELD MONITORI
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LOCATIONChapter NineLEAFU STREAMLea
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Figure 9-2Leone Pala and 300-Foot L
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However, during and following heavi
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Vegetation TrendsThe lower Leafu St
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LAND USES ADJACENT TOLOWER LEAFU ST
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Option 2: Construct Basaltic Wall,
Page 161 and 162:
Figure 9-5:Stabilize East Stream Ba
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TABLE 9-7PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
TABLE 9-9 (Continued)FIELD MONITORI
Page 169 and 170:
Chapter TenASILI STREAMLOCATIONAsil
Page 171 and 172:
Figure 10-2Asili Stream SegmentExis
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Stormwater Discharges and Related F
Page 175 and 176:
Further downstream, the stream chan
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TABLE 10-4SUMMARY OF MACROFAUNAL OR
Page 179 and 180:
American Samoa Wetlands/Streams Res
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CLEAN-UP OF LOWER ASILI STREAMLABOR
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TABLE 10-9LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITO
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TABLE 10-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITO
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Vehicular and pedestrian access to
Page 189 and 190:
Figure 11-1Location MapFusi Wetland
Page 191 and 192:
WETLAND VEGETATIONNovember 1999 Sur
Page 193 and 194:
The lack of stream flow entering th
Page 195 and 196:
Figure 11-3Option 1: Remove Solid W
Page 197 and 198:
Recommended Option and Estimated Pr
Page 199 and 200:
TABLE 11-6FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEE
Page 201 and 202:
Any future monitoring stations or s
Page 203 and 204:
Project ManagerRepresentatives of a
Page 205 and 206:
REFERENCESBiosystems Analysis, Inc.
Page 207 and 208:
APPENDIX ASUMMARY OFPLANTSOBSERVED
Page 209 and 210:
Species Family EnglishNameSamoanNam
Page 213:
APPENDIX CSUMMARY OFAQUATIC MACROFA
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