american samoa - University of Hawaii at Manoa Botany Department

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During a November 4, 1999 survey, the PPC survey team surveyed lower Faatafe Streambetween the north end of the wetland to the mouth of Faatafe Stream. Observations made byPPC during the survey suggest that the lower drainage course has been modified toaccommodate a recent expansion of the Mormon Church complex, as well as past residentialdevelopment along Faatafe Stream.The recent construction of a Methodistchurch east of the Mormon Churchcomplex has altered the stream course ofMulivai Stream. It is uncertain whether ornot this stream course modification andpossible fill prevented a stream dischargeat the mouth of Mulivai Stream. No flowwas observed along the lower end ofMulivai Stream during the survey. PPC wasadvised later by American Samoa CoastalManagement Program representatives thatan illegal fill of the wetland was underreview by the American Samoa Government(Mitchell, 1999).Southern boundary of Mormon Churchcomplex, adjacent to Faatafe StreamIf the hydrologic connection between lower Mulivai Stream has been blocked by recentwetland or stream fill activities, an increased stream discharge can be expected along FaatafeStream. In essence, an increased discharge along Faatafe Stream would only increase the floodpotential to residential properties along the east and west sides of this drainage.Hydrologic Outlet to Vatia BayAs stated earlier, the mouths of Faatafe Stream and Mulivai Stream represent the hydrologicoutlets from the southeast wetland of Vatia. Two sets of culverts are situated below a shorelinevehicular trail that is located along southeast side of Vatia Bay.A 17.5-foot wide x 5-foot high concrete culvert is located at the mouth of Faatafe Stream. Thisculvert is in good physical condition and is capable of accommodating stormwater flows from a50-year storm event.At the mouth of Mulivai Stream, there are three, 3-foot diameter culverts. These concreteculverts are in fair condition; however, they are undersized to handle stream flows from apotential 50-year stormwater event.WETLAND VEGETATIONNovember, 1999 SurveyOn November 4 and 17, 1999, Art Whistler of Isle Botanica conducted a botanical survey ofthe Faatafe Stream channel between the north end of the wetland and the Faatafe Streammouth. The lower stream segment extends approximately 850 feet southwest and southeast ofthe stream mouth.American Samoa Wetland/Stream Restoration and Enhancement PlanFebruary 2001, Vatia Wetland, Page 5-5
Mr. Whistler was part of a three-person field survey team organized by Pedersen PlanningConsultants that observed wetland vegetation, habitat for aquatic fish and invertebrates, streamhydrology, as well as land uses within and adjacent to the wetland. His observations aresummarized in the following paragraphs.Stream Mouth to Approximately 500 feet UpstreamThe lower portion of the Faatafe Streamchannel was highly disturbed. A rock wall,grassy area, and disturbed forest were situatedalong the first 300 feet of the west streambank. The forest along the east bank of thestream represented a mixture of scatteredfresh-water swamp, mangrove swamp, andlittoral forest trees such as coconut, togo(oriental mangrove), milo (Pacific rosewood),and fau (beach hibiscus).Further upstream, the stream channel widened before turning westward. An attractive, freshwaterswamp dominated by ifi (Tahitian chestnut) was situated in this area. Other species inthis location included one or a few individuals of oriental mangrove, coconut, laufala(screwpine), and a clump of ofe palagi (bamboo).Soils in this area were saturated and quite open since few plants could survive in this wet,shady habitat. The forest floor contained only seedlings of Tahitian chestnut, clumps of saato(swamp fern), and some falaga (Barringtonia samoensis) trees. Epiphytes were common on thetrees. More prominent epiphytes included the fern lau tasi (Pyrrosia lanceolata), laugasese(Davallia epiphylla), and laugapapa (bird’s nest fern).350 Upstream to North Side of WetlandAs the stream turned to the southeast, the vegetation changed significantly and revealed twoother types of wetlands.Swamp forest was observed along areas of standing or flowing water. This wetland wasdominated entirely by beach hibiscus. The dense tangle of branches and shaded canopyvirtually eliminated all other plant species except for some fue saina (mile-a-minute weed).Disturbed fresh-water marsh was found both downstream and upstream from the beach hibiscusforest. The marsh was dominated mostly by sanasana (Job’s tears). Lesser amounts of fuelautetele (Merremia peltata) are also evident in the marsh along with laau fai lafa (candelabra)plants.Along portions of this stream segment, the swamp forest and disturbed fresh-water marshappeared to merge. These locations were characterized by scattered individuals and clumps ofbeach hibiscus, coconut, and gatae palagi (dadap) trees.Job’s tears dominated underneath these trees. Lesser amounts of vao lima (T-grass), mile-aminuteweed, and losa honolulu (Honolulu rose) were also documented.American Samoa Wetland/Stream Restoration and Enhancement PlanFebruary 2001, Vatia Wetland, Page 5-6
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Asili StreamAMERICAN SAMOAWETLAND/S
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American SamoaWetland/Stream Restor
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American Samoa Wetland/Stream Resto
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Page 9 and 10:
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Figure 1-1Location of Potential Wet
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Onsite InvestigationsNovember 1999G
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Where appropriate, stream cross sec
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Chapter TwoTULA WETLANDLOCATIONTula
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Figure 2-2Tula WetlandExisting Cond
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Improved channelization of stormwat
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LAND USES IN THE VICINITY OF TULA W
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Figure 2-3Option 2: Detention of St
Page 27 and 28: Figure 2-4Option 3: Expansion of Ta
Page 29 and 30: Comparative Benefits and ImpactsPPC
Page 31 and 32: TABLE 2-4PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
Page 33 and 34: TABLE 2-5LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
Page 35 and 36: TABLE 2-6 (CONTINUED)FIELD MONITORI
Page 37 and 38: Chapter ThreeALAO WETLANDLOCATIONAl
Page 39 and 40: Figure 3-2Taufusi MarchExisting Con
Page 41 and 42: Figure 3-3FEMA 100-Year Flood Plain
Page 43 and 44: East Portion of the MarshThe impact
Page 45 and 46: WETLAND RESTORATION AND ENHANCEMENT
Page 47 and 48: The availability of new, blight-res
Page 49 and 50: Long-Term Monitoring and Site Maint
Page 51 and 52: TABLE 3-7FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
Page 53 and 54: Recommended monitoring stations or
Page 55 and 56: Figure 4-1Location MapAoa Village W
Page 57 and 58: No stream flow estimates are availa
Page 59 and 60: Fresh-Water SwampThe fresh-water sw
Page 61 and 62: ecome dominant if there is a nearby
Page 63 and 64: Relative Abundance and Diversity of
Page 65 and 66: Option 4: Restore Mangrove Forest U
Page 67 and 68: TABLE 4-5COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONWETL
Page 69 and 70: Long-term resource management activ
Page 73 and 74: • begin at the Tapua Stream mouth
Page 75 and 76: Figure 5-1Location MapSoutheast Wet
Page 77: Tufu Stream and two stream branches
Page 81 and 82: InvertebratesCrustacean densities w
Page 83 and 84: FIGURE 5-3OPTION 1: RESTORE RIPARIA
Page 85 and 86: TABLE 5-4COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONWETL
Page 87 and 88: Long term monitoring of the Vatia w
Page 91 and 92: More specific monitoring of stream
Page 93 and 94: Figure 6-1Location MapVaipito Strea
Page 95 and 96: Stream FlowsHistorical Stream Flows
Page 97 and 98: California grass (Brachiaria mutica
Page 99 and 100: FIGURE 6-3FISH AND INVERTEBRATE SUR
Page 101 and 102: Most of lower Vaipito Stream segmen
Page 103 and 104: Red mangrove should be planted with
Page 105 and 106: TABLE 6-7PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEC
Page 109 and 110: TABLE 6-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITOR
Page 111 and 112: Vehicular and pedestrian access to
Page 113 and 114: Figure 7-1Location MapLeele-Papa-Ta
Page 115 and 116: Stream flow, in some cases, is cons
Page 117 and 118: Stormwater Discharges and Related F
Page 119 and 120: AQUATIC FISH AND INVERTEBRATESGener
Page 121 and 122: Opportunities and StrategiesOption
Page 123 and 124: Figure 7-3Option 2: Reduction of Er
Page 125 and 126: TABLE 7-8PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
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TABLE 7-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITOR
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More specific monitoring of stream
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Figure 8-1Location MapSauino Stream
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Stream FlowsHistorical Stream Flows
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AQUATIC FISH AND INVERTEBRATESGener
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Figure 8-3Option 1: Construction of
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FIGURE 8-5OPTION 2: PLANT NATIVE RI
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Long-Term Monitoring and Site Maint
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TABLE 8-8FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
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TABLE 8-8 (Continued)FIELD MONITORI
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LOCATIONChapter NineLEAFU STREAMLea
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Figure 9-2Leone Pala and 300-Foot L
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However, during and following heavi
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Vegetation TrendsThe lower Leafu St
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LAND USES ADJACENT TOLOWER LEAFU ST
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Option 2: Construct Basaltic Wall,
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Figure 9-5:Stabilize East Stream Ba
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TABLE 9-7PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
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TABLE 9-8LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
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TABLE 9-9 (Continued)FIELD MONITORI
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Chapter TenASILI STREAMLOCATIONAsil
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Figure 10-2Asili Stream SegmentExis
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Stormwater Discharges and Related F
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Further downstream, the stream chan
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TABLE 10-4SUMMARY OF MACROFAUNAL OR
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American Samoa Wetlands/Streams Res
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CLEAN-UP OF LOWER ASILI STREAMLABOR
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TABLE 10-9LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITO
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TABLE 10-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITO
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Vehicular and pedestrian access to
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Figure 11-1Location MapFusi Wetland
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WETLAND VEGETATIONNovember 1999 Sur
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The lack of stream flow entering th
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Figure 11-3Option 1: Remove Solid W
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Recommended Option and Estimated Pr
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TABLE 11-6FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEE
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Any future monitoring stations or s
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Project ManagerRepresentatives of a
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REFERENCESBiosystems Analysis, Inc.
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APPENDIX ASUMMARY OFPLANTSOBSERVED
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Species Family EnglishNameSamoanNam
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APPENDIX CSUMMARY OFAQUATIC MACROFA
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