american samoa - University of Hawaii at Manoa Botany Department

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Stormwater Discharges and Related Flood PotentialPedersen Planning Consultants made a hydrologic analysis of Mulivaitele Stream to determinethe potential amount of stormwater that could be discharged into the Taufusi Marsh via a rangeof stormwater events (Table 3-1).TABLE 3-1POTENTIAL STORMWATER DISCHARGES INTO TAUFUSI MARSHFROM MULIVAITELE STREAM AND ITS TRIBUTARIES2,10,50, AND 100-YEAR STORM EVENTSIN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND (CFS)Location 2-Year Storm 10-Year Storm 50-Year Storm 100-Year StormMulivaitele Streamand all tributaries 238 393 701 813Source: Pedersen Planning Consultants, 2000Through hydrologic modeling, PPC determined that potential stormwater discharges alongMulivaitele stream can range from 238 cubic feet per second (cfs) for a 2-year storm and about813 cfs for a 100-year storm.During its November 1999 survey of the Taufusi Marsh, long-term residents informed the PPCsurvey team indicated that the village had previously experienced occasional flooding along thestream channel that serves as a hydrologic outlet from the wetland marsh to the nearshorewaters (Figure 3-2). However, the clearing of some obstructions within the Mulivaitele Streamchannel, which was accomplished by the American Samoa Power Authority in 1990, resolvedlocal flooding problems associated with smaller stormwater events, e.g., 2-year storm (Puaauli,1999).The potential flood plain associated with a 100-year storm event in Alao was mapped by theFederal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in May 1991. When this information iscorrelated with digital building location data from the American Samoa GIS, it is clear that a100-year flood event would clearly impact most of the inhabited village area (Figure 3-3).Given these prospects, it is important to conserve the Taufusi Marsh to promote continuedopportunities for stormwater detention. Otherwise, Alao Village may become more susceptibleto potential flood damages to residential and commercial property.WETLAND VEGETATIONNovember, 1999 SurveyArt Whistler of Isle Botanica conducted a botanical survey of the Taufusi Marsh on November2, 1999. Mr. Whistler was part of a three-person field survey team organized by PedersenPlanning Consultants that observed wetland vegetation, habitat for aquatic fish andinvertebrates, stream hydrology, as well as land uses within and adjacent to the wetland. Hisobservations are summarized in the following paragraphs.American Samoa Wetland/Stream Restoration and Enhancement PlanFebruary 2001, Alao Wetland, Page 3-4
Figure 3-3FEMA 100-Year Flood PlainAlao VillageAmerican Samoa Wetland/Stream Restoration and Enhancement PlanFebruary 2001, Alao Wetland, Page 3-5
Page 1 and 2: Asili StreamAMERICAN SAMOAWETLAND/S
Page 3 and 4: American SamoaWetland/Stream Restor
Page 5 and 6: American Samoa Wetland/Stream Resto
Page 11 and 12: Figure 1-1Location of Potential Wet
Page 13 and 14: Onsite InvestigationsNovember 1999G
Page 15 and 16: Where appropriate, stream cross sec
Page 17 and 18: Chapter TwoTULA WETLANDLOCATIONTula
Page 19 and 20: Figure 2-2Tula WetlandExisting Cond
Page 21 and 22: Improved channelization of stormwat
Page 23 and 24: LAND USES IN THE VICINITY OF TULA W
Page 25 and 26: Figure 2-3Option 2: Detention of St
Page 27 and 28: Figure 2-4Option 3: Expansion of Ta
Page 29 and 30: Comparative Benefits and ImpactsPPC
Page 31 and 32: TABLE 2-4PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
Page 33 and 34: TABLE 2-5LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
Page 35 and 36: TABLE 2-6 (CONTINUED)FIELD MONITORI
Page 37 and 38: Chapter ThreeALAO WETLANDLOCATIONAl
Page 39: Figure 3-2Taufusi MarchExisting Con
Page 43 and 44: East Portion of the MarshThe impact
Page 45 and 46: WETLAND RESTORATION AND ENHANCEMENT
Page 47 and 48: The availability of new, blight-res
Page 49 and 50: Long-Term Monitoring and Site Maint
Page 51 and 52: TABLE 3-7FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
Page 53 and 54: Recommended monitoring stations or
Page 55 and 56: Figure 4-1Location MapAoa Village W
Page 57 and 58: No stream flow estimates are availa
Page 59 and 60: Fresh-Water SwampThe fresh-water sw
Page 61 and 62: ecome dominant if there is a nearby
Page 63 and 64: Relative Abundance and Diversity of
Page 65 and 66: Option 4: Restore Mangrove Forest U
Page 67 and 68: TABLE 4-5COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONWETL
Page 69 and 70: Long-term resource management activ
Page 73 and 74: • begin at the Tapua Stream mouth
Page 75 and 76: Figure 5-1Location MapSoutheast Wet
Page 77 and 78: Tufu Stream and two stream branches
Page 79 and 80: Mr. Whistler was part of a three-pe
Page 81 and 82: InvertebratesCrustacean densities w
Page 83 and 84: FIGURE 5-3OPTION 1: RESTORE RIPARIA
Page 85 and 86: TABLE 5-4COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONWETL
Page 87 and 88: Long term monitoring of the Vatia w
Page 91 and 92:
More specific monitoring of stream
Page 93 and 94:
Figure 6-1Location MapVaipito Strea
Page 95 and 96:
Stream FlowsHistorical Stream Flows
Page 97 and 98:
California grass (Brachiaria mutica
Page 99 and 100:
FIGURE 6-3FISH AND INVERTEBRATE SUR
Page 101 and 102:
Most of lower Vaipito Stream segmen
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Red mangrove should be planted with
Page 105 and 106:
TABLE 6-7PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEC
Page 107 and 108:
TABLE 6-9LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
Page 109 and 110:
TABLE 6-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITOR
Page 111 and 112:
Vehicular and pedestrian access to
Page 113 and 114:
Figure 7-1Location MapLeele-Papa-Ta
Page 115 and 116:
Stream flow, in some cases, is cons
Page 117 and 118:
Stormwater Discharges and Related F
Page 119 and 120:
AQUATIC FISH AND INVERTEBRATESGener
Page 121 and 122:
Opportunities and StrategiesOption
Page 123 and 124:
Figure 7-3Option 2: Reduction of Er
Page 125 and 126:
TABLE 7-8PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
TABLE 7-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITOR
Page 131 and 132:
More specific monitoring of stream
Page 133 and 134:
Figure 8-1Location MapSauino Stream
Page 135 and 136:
Stream FlowsHistorical Stream Flows
Page 137 and 138:
AQUATIC FISH AND INVERTEBRATESGener
Page 139 and 140:
Figure 8-3Option 1: Construction of
Page 141 and 142:
FIGURE 8-5OPTION 2: PLANT NATIVE RI
Page 143 and 144:
Long-Term Monitoring and Site Maint
Page 145 and 146:
TABLE 8-8FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
Page 147 and 148:
TABLE 8-8 (Continued)FIELD MONITORI
Page 149 and 150:
LOCATIONChapter NineLEAFU STREAMLea
Page 151 and 152:
Figure 9-2Leone Pala and 300-Foot L
Page 153 and 154:
However, during and following heavi
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Vegetation TrendsThe lower Leafu St
Page 157 and 158:
LAND USES ADJACENT TOLOWER LEAFU ST
Page 159 and 160:
Option 2: Construct Basaltic Wall,
Page 161 and 162:
Figure 9-5:Stabilize East Stream Ba
Page 163 and 164:
TABLE 9-7PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
TABLE 9-9 (Continued)FIELD MONITORI
Page 169 and 170:
Chapter TenASILI STREAMLOCATIONAsil
Page 171 and 172:
Figure 10-2Asili Stream SegmentExis
Page 173 and 174:
Stormwater Discharges and Related F
Page 175 and 176:
Further downstream, the stream chan
Page 177 and 178:
TABLE 10-4SUMMARY OF MACROFAUNAL OR
Page 179 and 180:
American Samoa Wetlands/Streams Res
Page 181 and 182:
CLEAN-UP OF LOWER ASILI STREAMLABOR
Page 183 and 184:
TABLE 10-9LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITO
Page 185 and 186:
TABLE 10-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITO
Page 187 and 188:
Vehicular and pedestrian access to
Page 189 and 190:
Figure 11-1Location MapFusi Wetland
Page 191 and 192:
WETLAND VEGETATIONNovember 1999 Sur
Page 193 and 194:
The lack of stream flow entering th
Page 195 and 196:
Figure 11-3Option 1: Remove Solid W
Page 197 and 198:
Recommended Option and Estimated Pr
Page 199 and 200:
TABLE 11-6FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEE
Page 201 and 202:
Any future monitoring stations or s
Page 203 and 204:
Project ManagerRepresentatives of a
Page 205 and 206:
REFERENCESBiosystems Analysis, Inc.
Page 207 and 208:
APPENDIX ASUMMARY OFPLANTSOBSERVED
Page 209 and 210:
Species Family EnglishNameSamoanNam
Page 213:
APPENDIX CSUMMARY OFAQUATIC MACROFA
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