american samoa - University of Hawaii at Manoa Botany Department

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Vehicular and pedestrian access to selected monitoring stations is largely dependent upon thecooperation and authorization of local residents and the Nuuuli Village Council. Assuming thatresidents cooperatively permit periodic access for long-term resource monitoring, fieldmonitoring should begin at the station 1+00 and extend 500 feet upstream (Figure 8-4). Futuremeasurements of changes in the stream channel trapezoid will require the continued use of thesame stream cross section stations used for the present study.Recommended monitoring stations or sites should be used consistently unless unanticipatedevents, new land uses, or access issues prevent continued use. When necessary, changes in thelocation of monitoring stations should be documented and spatially located within theAmerican Samoa GIS. PPC has provided digital files for the Wetland and Stream Restorationand Enhancement Plan that provide a departure point for locating future resource monitoringstations along lower Sauino Stream.Photographs made during field monitoring should be incorporated into the digital photo albumdeveloped by PPC in conjunction with the Wetland/Stream Restoration and Enhancement Plan.This will enable a long-term comparison of resource information.More specific monitoring of stream fauna should be made along Sauino Stream in the vicinityof the station 1+00. Such monitoring should include the collection of driftnet samples ofoutgoing larvae, at least two times per month, for 3-4 hour evening periods. The driftnets (150-200 ųm mesh) should be attached to rebar pounded into the stream substrata, or simplysuspended from trees or bridges to that the net is at the surface of the water. The sampleswould subsequently be preserved in ethanol. The type and number of fish and crustaceansshould be enumerated using a dissecting microscope. Use of the dissecting microscope willlikely require a 2-3 day training class and the necessary equipment for field monitoringpersonnel.Molluscs should be monitored by mark-recapture methodology, or quadrant counts at nightsince most are primarily nocturnal. Some training in these techniques is recommended for fieldmonitoring personnel.Site MaintenancePeriodic site maintenance should take place along the 600-foot stream segment approximatelyfour times per year. Household wastes along the 600-foot segment of Sauino Stream areexpected to represent the primary focus of long-term site maintenance.A crew of four persons will be necessary to periodically collect and remove discarded solidwaste material from the 600-foot segment of Sauino Stream. Periodic cleanups would occurshortly after significant rainfall and stormwater events. Machetes and weed-eaters will berequired to periodically trim vegetation along selected portions of the stream channel.American Samoa Wetlands/Streams Restoration and Enhancement PlanFebruary 2001, Sauino Stream, Page 8-17
LOCATIONChapter NineLEAFU STREAMLeafu Stream is generally situated in Leone Village along the southwest coast of the Island ofTutuila (Figure 9-1). The stream is accessible via Route 1, which is situated immediatelysouthwest of Leone Pala (Figure 9-2).The study area included the downstream segment of Leafu Stream that flows through theinhabited village area. In 1998, Pedersen Planning Consultants investigated this streamsegment in the context of potential stormwater management opportunities. In November 1999,PPC focused its field investigations more upon the lower 300 feet of Leafu Stream, as well asunnamed stream parallel and immediately west of Leafu Stream. ASG Land Grant Programand ASEPA representatives believed that some wetland and stream enhancement opportunitieswere more feasible in this area.STREAM HYDROLOGYSources of Surface RunoffLeafu Stream and its four branches drain approximately 875 acres of land area upslope ofLeone Village. The main stem of Leafu Stream, which extends up to the southwest side ofAoloaufou Village, originates near the 1,135-foot elevation.General Stream CharacteristicsImmediately upstream of Leone Pala, the Leafu Stream drainage becomes very different. Inthis area, Leafu Stream and an adjoining unnamed stream actually represent three to fourseparate stream channels that are interspersed with small transitory islands of land area. InNovember 1999, the variations in the topography and stream hydrology of this area wereextremely difficult to identify in light of dense herbaceous vegetation and standing water.Further upstream within the inhabited village area of Leone, the Leafu Stream channel isconsiderably more narrow. The stream represents a combination of basaltic rock and earthlined channel. Smaller rock, cobble, sand, grass, muck, and decomposed organic materialcomprise the bottom of the stream channel.Cross-sections were documented by PPC in May 1998 at three stream locations. Channeldepths ranged between two and nine feet below the top of the stream bank (Table 9-1). Thewidth of the stream segment (between east and west stream banks) ranges between 15 and 150feet. The greatest stream width was recorded at cross section L6 just upstream from LeonePala.Onsite surveys along Leafu Stream in May 1998 and November 1999 discovered limited tomoderate amounts of solid waste material within the stream bed. In some cases, the type and/orvolume of wastes appeared to impede stream flow.American Samoa Wetlands/Streams Restoration and Enhancement PlanFebruary 2001, Leafu Stream, Page 9-1
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Asili StreamAMERICAN SAMOAWETLAND/S
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American SamoaWetland/Stream Restor
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American Samoa Wetland/Stream Resto
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Figure 1-1Location of Potential Wet
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Onsite InvestigationsNovember 1999G
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Where appropriate, stream cross sec
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Chapter TwoTULA WETLANDLOCATIONTula
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Figure 2-2Tula WetlandExisting Cond
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Improved channelization of stormwat
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LAND USES IN THE VICINITY OF TULA W
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Figure 2-3Option 2: Detention of St
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Figure 2-4Option 3: Expansion of Ta
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Comparative Benefits and ImpactsPPC
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TABLE 2-4PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
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TABLE 2-5LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
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TABLE 2-6 (CONTINUED)FIELD MONITORI
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Chapter ThreeALAO WETLANDLOCATIONAl
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Figure 3-2Taufusi MarchExisting Con
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Figure 3-3FEMA 100-Year Flood Plain
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East Portion of the MarshThe impact
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WETLAND RESTORATION AND ENHANCEMENT
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The availability of new, blight-res
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Long-Term Monitoring and Site Maint
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TABLE 3-7FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
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Recommended monitoring stations or
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Figure 4-1Location MapAoa Village W
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No stream flow estimates are availa
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Fresh-Water SwampThe fresh-water sw
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ecome dominant if there is a nearby
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Relative Abundance and Diversity of
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Option 4: Restore Mangrove Forest U
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TABLE 4-5COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONWETL
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Long-term resource management activ
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• begin at the Tapua Stream mouth
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Figure 5-1Location MapSoutheast Wet
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Tufu Stream and two stream branches
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Mr. Whistler was part of a three-pe
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InvertebratesCrustacean densities w
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FIGURE 5-3OPTION 1: RESTORE RIPARIA
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TABLE 5-4COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONWETL
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Long term monitoring of the Vatia w
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More specific monitoring of stream
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Figure 6-1Location MapVaipito Strea
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Stream FlowsHistorical Stream Flows
Page 97 and 98: California grass (Brachiaria mutica
Page 99 and 100: FIGURE 6-3FISH AND INVERTEBRATE SUR
Page 101 and 102: Most of lower Vaipito Stream segmen
Page 103 and 104: Red mangrove should be planted with
Page 105 and 106: TABLE 6-7PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEC
Page 107 and 108: TABLE 6-9LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
Page 109 and 110: TABLE 6-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITOR
Page 111 and 112: Vehicular and pedestrian access to
Page 113 and 114: Figure 7-1Location MapLeele-Papa-Ta
Page 115 and 116: Stream flow, in some cases, is cons
Page 117 and 118: Stormwater Discharges and Related F
Page 119 and 120: AQUATIC FISH AND INVERTEBRATESGener
Page 121 and 122: Opportunities and StrategiesOption
Page 123 and 124: Figure 7-3Option 2: Reduction of Er
Page 125 and 126: TABLE 7-8PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
Page 129 and 130: TABLE 7-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITOR
Page 131 and 132: More specific monitoring of stream
Page 133 and 134: Figure 8-1Location MapSauino Stream
Page 135 and 136: Stream FlowsHistorical Stream Flows
Page 137 and 138: AQUATIC FISH AND INVERTEBRATESGener
Page 139 and 140: Figure 8-3Option 1: Construction of
Page 141 and 142: FIGURE 8-5OPTION 2: PLANT NATIVE RI
Page 143 and 144: Long-Term Monitoring and Site Maint
Page 145 and 146: TABLE 8-8FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
Page 147: TABLE 8-8 (Continued)FIELD MONITORI
Page 151 and 152: Figure 9-2Leone Pala and 300-Foot L
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Page 155 and 156: Vegetation TrendsThe lower Leafu St
Page 157 and 158: LAND USES ADJACENT TOLOWER LEAFU ST
Page 159 and 160: Option 2: Construct Basaltic Wall,
Page 161 and 162: Figure 9-5:Stabilize East Stream Ba
Page 163 and 164: TABLE 9-7PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
Page 167 and 168: TABLE 9-9 (Continued)FIELD MONITORI
Page 169 and 170: Chapter TenASILI STREAMLOCATIONAsil
Page 171 and 172: Figure 10-2Asili Stream SegmentExis
Page 173 and 174: Stormwater Discharges and Related F
Page 175 and 176: Further downstream, the stream chan
Page 177 and 178: TABLE 10-4SUMMARY OF MACROFAUNAL OR
Page 179 and 180: American Samoa Wetlands/Streams Res
Page 181 and 182: CLEAN-UP OF LOWER ASILI STREAMLABOR
Page 183 and 184: TABLE 10-9LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITO
Page 185 and 186: TABLE 10-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITO
Page 187 and 188: Vehicular and pedestrian access to
Page 189 and 190: Figure 11-1Location MapFusi Wetland
Page 191 and 192: WETLAND VEGETATIONNovember 1999 Sur
Page 193 and 194: The lack of stream flow entering th
Page 195 and 196: Figure 11-3Option 1: Remove Solid W
Page 197 and 198: Recommended Option and Estimated Pr
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TABLE 11-6FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEE
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Any future monitoring stations or s
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Project ManagerRepresentatives of a
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REFERENCESBiosystems Analysis, Inc.
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APPENDIX ASUMMARY OFPLANTSOBSERVED
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Species Family EnglishNameSamoanNam
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APPENDIX CSUMMARY OFAQUATIC MACROFA
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