american samoa - University of Hawaii at Manoa Botany Department

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Source: Chong, 2000The relative abundance and diversity of fish and invertebrates along Papa Stream issummarized in Table 7-5. The characterization of relative abundance and diversity reflects ageneral comparison of the abundance and diversity of fish and invertebrates observed at onePapa Stream site with all 10 sites evaluated for the Wetland/Stream Restoration andEnhancement Plan. Papa Stream contained the highest density and diversity of gobies that wasobserved at all of the 10 sites.TABLE 7-5RELATIVE ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY OF FISH AND INVERTEBRATESPAPA STREAMFishes Crustaceans MolluscsAbundance High Medium LowDiversity High Low LowSource: Pedersen Planning Consultants, 2000LAND USES ADJACENT TO PAPA STREAMPapa Stream is situated within an upland residentialarea of Nuuuli Village. Approximately 11 singlefamily homes are constructed immediately adjacent tothe east and west banks of the stream. Vehicular roadsand trails from Route 1 provide access to these homes.A few piggeries were also located near the banks of thestream. In some cases, wastewater from thesepiggeries discharged into Papa Stream.Station 1+00 is located below Route 1 roadwaycorridor. This area contains a variety of commercialretail establishments.Solid waste discarded from the 11 residences poses thegreatest impact upon stream hydrology and aquatichabitat. The amount of solid waste material in variouslocations prevented the flow of surface runoff alongthe main stem of the stream.RIPARIAN RESTORATION AND ENHANCEMENT OPPORTUNITIESGeneralThree opportunities were identified for the restoration and enhancement of lower Papa Stream.The scope of these restoration and enhancement opportunities, and related implementationstrategies, are presented in the following paragraphs. The potential benefits and impactsderived from the implementation of the recommended strategies are subsequently evaluatedand compared in the following paragraphs.Preliminary cost estimates are presented for the implementation of the recommended strategy.Long-term monitoring and site maintenance requirements associated with the recommendedstrategy are also identified.American Samoa Wetland/Stream Restoration and Enhancement PlanFebruary 2001, Papa Stream, Page 7-9
Opportunities and StrategiesOption 1: Clean Papa Stream and Enhance Riparian VegetationThe initial action associated with Option 1 is a significant cleanup of lower Papa Stream. Thecleanup should be made between the concrete weir at station 11+80 and the Route 1 crossingover Papa Stream.This effort will require the collection and disposal of a wide variety and large volume of solidwaste materials. Manual collection will be sufficient to collect much of this material.However, the use of a backhoe, front-end loader, or “cherry picker” will be necessary toretrieve some larger materials that have been indiscriminately dumped into the stream bed.Larger dump trucks will be required to haul larger materials to the Futiga landfill.One of the greater challenges of this initial effort will be to mobilize heavy equipment atselected locations along the stream bank. Available equipment from either the American SamoaPower Authority or the American Samoa Department of Public Works should be requested andused to support the cleanup effort.Following the initial stream cleanup, the American Samoa Community College, Land GrantProgram should initiate the planting of about 300 native riparian trees along the banks of PapaStream. This planting should include a combination of ifi (Tahitian chestnut) fau, laufala, andfalaga tree seedlings. The planting of more native riparian trees along Papa Stream representsan important resource management opportunities because these native riparian trees have rootsthat can help stabilize the soil on the banks of the stream. Propagated seedlings of these nativetrees may already be available at the ASCC Land Grant Program nursery.The ASCC Land Grant Program would encourage residents to participate in the planting ofthese trees along the east and west banks of the stream. ASCC Land Grant has considerableexperience with encouraging community participation through its Forestry StewardshipProgram. Colin Steele, ASCC/AHNR Project Forester, envisions that the enhancement ofriparian vegetation and related participation of residents can best be accomplished byproviding, at no charge, a total of 30 tree seedlings to each household along the stream.However, the “no charge” arrangement would be conditional to the resident’s agreement toplant the new trees within 30 feet of the stream bank (Steele, 1995). Consequently, randomwetland tree plantings would be made along the east and west sides of the 1,200-foot streamsegment.Option 2: Clean Stream, Improve Stream Hydrology, and Reduce Bank ErosionThe initial action associated with Option 2 is a significant cleanup of lower Papa Stream. Thecleanup should be made between the concrete weir at station 11+80 and the Route 1 crossingover Papa Stream.This effort will require the collection and disposal of a wide variety and large volume of solidwaste materials. Manual collection will be sufficient to collect much of this material.However, the use of a backhoe, front-end loader, or “cherry picker” will be necessary toretrieve some larger materials that have been indiscriminately dumped into the stream bed.Larger dump trucks will be required to haul larger materials to the Futiga landfill.Incoming stream flows from Tauese Stream discharge into Papa Stream via a 3-foot wide,concrete culvert. This culvert is situated between stations 5+00 and 6+00. Under full flowconditions, the culvert can convey approximately 140 cfs of stormwater runoff at a velocity ofabout 18 feet per second. The angle of flow introduction to Papa Stream and occasional higherAmerican Samoa Wetland/Stream Restoration and Enhancement PlanFebruary 2001, Papa Stream, Page 7-10
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Asili StreamAMERICAN SAMOAWETLAND/S
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American SamoaWetland/Stream Restor
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American Samoa Wetland/Stream Resto
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Figure 1-1Location of Potential Wet
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Onsite InvestigationsNovember 1999G
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Where appropriate, stream cross sec
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Chapter TwoTULA WETLANDLOCATIONTula
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Figure 2-2Tula WetlandExisting Cond
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Improved channelization of stormwat
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LAND USES IN THE VICINITY OF TULA W
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Figure 2-3Option 2: Detention of St
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Figure 2-4Option 3: Expansion of Ta
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Comparative Benefits and ImpactsPPC
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TABLE 2-4PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
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TABLE 2-5LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
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TABLE 2-6 (CONTINUED)FIELD MONITORI
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Chapter ThreeALAO WETLANDLOCATIONAl
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Figure 3-2Taufusi MarchExisting Con
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Figure 3-3FEMA 100-Year Flood Plain
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East Portion of the MarshThe impact
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WETLAND RESTORATION AND ENHANCEMENT
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The availability of new, blight-res
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Long-Term Monitoring and Site Maint
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TABLE 3-7FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
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Recommended monitoring stations or
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Figure 4-1Location MapAoa Village W
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No stream flow estimates are availa
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Fresh-Water SwampThe fresh-water sw
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ecome dominant if there is a nearby
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Relative Abundance and Diversity of
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Option 4: Restore Mangrove Forest U
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TABLE 4-5COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONWETL
Page 69 and 70: Long-term resource management activ
Page 71 and 72: TABLE 4-9FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
Page 73 and 74: • begin at the Tapua Stream mouth
Page 75 and 76: Figure 5-1Location MapSoutheast Wet
Page 77 and 78: Tufu Stream and two stream branches
Page 79 and 80: Mr. Whistler was part of a three-pe
Page 81 and 82: InvertebratesCrustacean densities w
Page 83 and 84: FIGURE 5-3OPTION 1: RESTORE RIPARIA
Page 85 and 86: TABLE 5-4COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONWETL
Page 87 and 88: Long term monitoring of the Vatia w
Page 91 and 92: More specific monitoring of stream
Page 93 and 94: Figure 6-1Location MapVaipito Strea
Page 95 and 96: Stream FlowsHistorical Stream Flows
Page 97 and 98: California grass (Brachiaria mutica
Page 99 and 100: FIGURE 6-3FISH AND INVERTEBRATE SUR
Page 101 and 102: Most of lower Vaipito Stream segmen
Page 103 and 104: Red mangrove should be planted with
Page 105 and 106: TABLE 6-7PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEC
Page 107 and 108: TABLE 6-9LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
Page 109 and 110: TABLE 6-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITOR
Page 111 and 112: Vehicular and pedestrian access to
Page 113 and 114: Figure 7-1Location MapLeele-Papa-Ta
Page 115 and 116: Stream flow, in some cases, is cons
Page 117 and 118: Stormwater Discharges and Related F
Page 119: AQUATIC FISH AND INVERTEBRATESGener
Page 123 and 124: Figure 7-3Option 2: Reduction of Er
Page 125 and 126: TABLE 7-8PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
Page 129 and 130: TABLE 7-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITOR
Page 131 and 132: More specific monitoring of stream
Page 133 and 134: Figure 8-1Location MapSauino Stream
Page 135 and 136: Stream FlowsHistorical Stream Flows
Page 137 and 138: AQUATIC FISH AND INVERTEBRATESGener
Page 139 and 140: Figure 8-3Option 1: Construction of
Page 141 and 142: FIGURE 8-5OPTION 2: PLANT NATIVE RI
Page 143 and 144: Long-Term Monitoring and Site Maint
Page 147 and 148: TABLE 8-8 (Continued)FIELD MONITORI
Page 149 and 150: LOCATIONChapter NineLEAFU STREAMLea
Page 151 and 152: Figure 9-2Leone Pala and 300-Foot L
Page 153 and 154: However, during and following heavi
Page 155 and 156: Vegetation TrendsThe lower Leafu St
Page 157 and 158: LAND USES ADJACENT TOLOWER LEAFU ST
Page 159 and 160: Option 2: Construct Basaltic Wall,
Page 161 and 162: Figure 9-5:Stabilize East Stream Ba
Page 163 and 164: TABLE 9-7PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
Page 167 and 168: TABLE 9-9 (Continued)FIELD MONITORI
Page 169 and 170: Chapter TenASILI STREAMLOCATIONAsil
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Figure 10-2Asili Stream SegmentExis
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Stormwater Discharges and Related F
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Further downstream, the stream chan
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TABLE 10-4SUMMARY OF MACROFAUNAL OR
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American Samoa Wetlands/Streams Res
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CLEAN-UP OF LOWER ASILI STREAMLABOR
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TABLE 10-9LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITO
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TABLE 10-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITO
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Vehicular and pedestrian access to
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Figure 11-1Location MapFusi Wetland
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WETLAND VEGETATIONNovember 1999 Sur
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The lack of stream flow entering th
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Figure 11-3Option 1: Remove Solid W
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Recommended Option and Estimated Pr
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TABLE 11-6FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEE
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Any future monitoring stations or s
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Project ManagerRepresentatives of a
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REFERENCESBiosystems Analysis, Inc.
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APPENDIX ASUMMARY OFPLANTSOBSERVED
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Species Family EnglishNameSamoanNam
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APPENDIX CSUMMARY OFAQUATIC MACROFA
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