american samoa - University of Hawaii at Manoa Botany Department

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The portions of the wetland selected for taro production would initially require the excavationof fill material to a minimum soil depth of about one to two feet. In terms of soil preparation,the production of talo toto i le vai (wetland taro) will require manual and/or mechanical tillingof the soil and the possible application of some limited nutrients to the soil.Taro cuttings from disease-free propagating material would be used to establish the taro. Thecuttings are part of a taro plant stem about 12 to 18 inches long that is attached to a 2 to 3-inchsection of the corm. Such cuttings would ideally be obtained from the Samoa Ministry ofAgriculture in Apia or the ASG Department of Agriculture. Before planting, selected tarocuttings should be carefully inspected, washed with potable water, soaked in a 10 percentbleach solution for 30 seconds, and stored in a dry, cool, and well-ventilated area for 3 to 5days before planting.Comparative Benefits and ImpactsPPC’s evaluation of the two alternate restoration and enhancement strategies is summarized inTable 11-2. Both options generate a comparable overall level of project benefits. However,slightly greater benefits are afforded by Option 1 (Figure 11-3).Option 1 desirably removes solid waste material from the wetland and likely restores thewetland to a coastal marsh through the planting of selected wetland plants. Theimplementation of Option 2 also would remove solid waste material as well as wetland plantsto permit some subsistence agricultural use.Despite their apparent project benefits, both options are moderately expensive to implement iflight of the extensive requirements associated with the removal and hauling of solid wastematerial. It also likely that both options may not be well received by local residents. Oneresident suggested to PPC in November 1999 that Fusi residents would likely appreciate theremoval of solid waste material. However, once this material would be removed, villageresidents would likely prefer to use the land for general residential land uses.TABLE 11-2COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONWETLAND RESTORATION AND ENHANCEMENT OPPORTUNITIESFUSI WETLANDOptionProjectCostResidentialLand UsesSubsistenceAgricultureFish &InvertebrateHabitatWetlandVegetationHabitatStormwaterDetentionFloodHazards &PropertyDamage1 MC LB NBC NBC SB NBC NBC2 MC LB SB NBC LC NBC NBCNotes: Potential project benefits were rated by PPC as follows:SB Significant project benefitsLC Limited undesirable consequencesMB Moderate project benefitsMC Moderate undesirable consequencesLB Limited project benefitsSC Significant undesirable project impactsNBC No anticipated project benefits orundesirable consequencesSource: Pedersen Planning Consultants, 2000American Samoa Wetlands/Streams Restoration and Enhancement PlanFebruary 2001, Fusi Wetland, Page 11-9
Recommended Option and Estimated Project CostShould reasonable village support exist for Option 1, this project is recommended for projectimplementation. While costly, this wetland enhancement project is attractive because theproject could likely achieve restoration of a disturbed marsh to a coastal marsh. Removal andhauling of solid wastes, as well as the planting of coastal marsh plants is estimated to costroughly $10,224 (Table 11-3 and Table 11-4).TABLE 11-3PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATECOLLECTION, REMOVAL AND HAULING OF SOLID WASTE MATERIALFUSI WETLANDLABORPersonnel Number Hours Hourly Rate ($) Cost ($)Supervisor 1 80 15 1,200Heavy Equipment Operator 3 60 13 2,340Laborer 4 80 6 1,920All Personnel 8 580 $5,460MATERIALSItem Quantity Unit Cost ($) Cost ($)Picks 4 15 60Sledge Hammers 4 25 100Shovel 4 22 88Weed-eaters 4 300 1,200Machetes 4 20 80Garbage Bags 50 boxes 5 250Wheel Barrows 4 50 200All Materials $1,978TOTAL LABOR AND MATERIALS $7,438Notes: Preliminary estimate assumes use of existing equipment owned by the ASG Department of Public Works.Source: Pedersen Planning Consultants, 2000TABLE 11-4PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEPROPAGATION AND PLANTING OF COASTAL MARSH VEGETATIONFUSI WETLANDLABORPersonnel Number Hours Hourly Rate ($) Cost ($)ASCC Plant Nursery Technician 1 104 10 1,040ASCC Field Crew Leader 1 20 8 160ASCC Field Crew Members 2 20 6 240All Personnel 4 164 $1,440MATERIALSItem Quantity Unit Cost ($) Cost ($)Coastal Marsh Plants 125 3 375Garbage Bags 20 boxes 5 100All Materials $475EQUIPMENTShovels 3 22 66Machetes 3 20 60Picks 3 15 45Wheel Barrows 2 50 100Weed-eaters 2 300 600All Equipment $871TOTAL LABOR AND MATERIALS $2,786Notes: Preliminary estimate assumes use of existing equipment owned by the ASG Department of Public Works.Source: Pedersen Planning Consultants, 2000American Samoa Wetlands/Streams Restoration and Enhancement PlanFebruary 2001, Fusi Wetland, Page 11-10
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Asili StreamAMERICAN SAMOAWETLAND/S
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American SamoaWetland/Stream Restor
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American Samoa Wetland/Stream Resto
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Figure 1-1Location of Potential Wet
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Onsite InvestigationsNovember 1999G
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Where appropriate, stream cross sec
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Chapter TwoTULA WETLANDLOCATIONTula
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Figure 2-2Tula WetlandExisting Cond
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Improved channelization of stormwat
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LAND USES IN THE VICINITY OF TULA W
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Figure 2-3Option 2: Detention of St
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Figure 2-4Option 3: Expansion of Ta
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Comparative Benefits and ImpactsPPC
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TABLE 2-4PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
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TABLE 2-5LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
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TABLE 2-6 (CONTINUED)FIELD MONITORI
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Chapter ThreeALAO WETLANDLOCATIONAl
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Figure 3-2Taufusi MarchExisting Con
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Figure 3-3FEMA 100-Year Flood Plain
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East Portion of the MarshThe impact
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WETLAND RESTORATION AND ENHANCEMENT
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The availability of new, blight-res
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Long-Term Monitoring and Site Maint
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TABLE 3-7FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
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Recommended monitoring stations or
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Figure 4-1Location MapAoa Village W
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No stream flow estimates are availa
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Fresh-Water SwampThe fresh-water sw
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ecome dominant if there is a nearby
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Relative Abundance and Diversity of
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Option 4: Restore Mangrove Forest U
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TABLE 4-5COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONWETL
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Long-term resource management activ
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• begin at the Tapua Stream mouth
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Figure 5-1Location MapSoutheast Wet
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Tufu Stream and two stream branches
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Mr. Whistler was part of a three-pe
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InvertebratesCrustacean densities w
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FIGURE 5-3OPTION 1: RESTORE RIPARIA
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TABLE 5-4COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONWETL
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Long term monitoring of the Vatia w
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More specific monitoring of stream
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Figure 6-1Location MapVaipito Strea
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Stream FlowsHistorical Stream Flows
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California grass (Brachiaria mutica
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FIGURE 6-3FISH AND INVERTEBRATE SUR
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Most of lower Vaipito Stream segmen
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Red mangrove should be planted with
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TABLE 6-7PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEC
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TABLE 6-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITOR
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Vehicular and pedestrian access to
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Figure 7-1Location MapLeele-Papa-Ta
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Stream flow, in some cases, is cons
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Stormwater Discharges and Related F
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AQUATIC FISH AND INVERTEBRATESGener
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Opportunities and StrategiesOption
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Figure 7-3Option 2: Reduction of Er
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TABLE 7-8PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
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TABLE 7-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITOR
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More specific monitoring of stream
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Figure 8-1Location MapSauino Stream
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Stream FlowsHistorical Stream Flows
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AQUATIC FISH AND INVERTEBRATESGener
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Figure 8-3Option 1: Construction of
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FIGURE 8-5OPTION 2: PLANT NATIVE RI
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Long-Term Monitoring and Site Maint
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Page 149 and 150: LOCATIONChapter NineLEAFU STREAMLea
Page 151 and 152: Figure 9-2Leone Pala and 300-Foot L
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Page 155 and 156: Vegetation TrendsThe lower Leafu St
Page 157 and 158: LAND USES ADJACENT TOLOWER LEAFU ST
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Page 161 and 162: Figure 9-5:Stabilize East Stream Ba
Page 163 and 164: TABLE 9-7PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
Page 165 and 166: TABLE 9-8LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
Page 167 and 168: TABLE 9-9 (Continued)FIELD MONITORI
Page 169 and 170: Chapter TenASILI STREAMLOCATIONAsil
Page 171 and 172: Figure 10-2Asili Stream SegmentExis
Page 173 and 174: Stormwater Discharges and Related F
Page 175 and 176: Further downstream, the stream chan
Page 177 and 178: TABLE 10-4SUMMARY OF MACROFAUNAL OR
Page 179 and 180: American Samoa Wetlands/Streams Res
Page 181 and 182: CLEAN-UP OF LOWER ASILI STREAMLABOR
Page 183 and 184: TABLE 10-9LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITO
Page 185 and 186: TABLE 10-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITO
Page 187 and 188: Vehicular and pedestrian access to
Page 189 and 190: Figure 11-1Location MapFusi Wetland
Page 191 and 192: WETLAND VEGETATIONNovember 1999 Sur
Page 193 and 194: The lack of stream flow entering th
Page 195: Figure 11-3Option 1: Remove Solid W
Page 199 and 200: TABLE 11-6FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEE
Page 201 and 202: Any future monitoring stations or s
Page 203 and 204: Project ManagerRepresentatives of a
Page 205 and 206: REFERENCESBiosystems Analysis, Inc.
Page 207 and 208: APPENDIX ASUMMARY OFPLANTSOBSERVED
Page 209 and 210: Species Family EnglishNameSamoanNam
Page 213: APPENDIX CSUMMARY OFAQUATIC MACROFA
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