american samoa - University of Hawaii at Manoa Botany Department

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The wall would be back-filled with native soil to reduce the visual impact of the concrete bags,as well as afford the opportunity to plant ifi (Tahitian chestnut), other wetland trees, and somefruit trees. Approximately 50 wetland trees and 50 fruit trees would be planted immediatelyadjacent to the pond perimeter along a 20-foot wide buffer. Wetland and fruit trees wouldfurther enhance the attractiveness of the detention area and increase wetland vegetation in thevicinity of the wetland. Planting of the wetland and fruit trees would be the responsibility ofthe ASCC Land Grant Program.A culvert would also be installed within the southeast corner of the wall structure to enable thecollection and discharge of stream discharges from the existing man-made channel throughwest side of Tula Village. Existing culvert T1 would serve as the outlet from the detention areawhere overflows would discharge into the lower end of Vailoa Stream.Option 3: Expand Taro ProductionAnother wetland restoration opportunity is to expand taro production within a portion or all ofthe Tula wetland (Figure 2-4). The expansion of taro production would desirably beginsoutheast of existing production and gradually expand to the southeast part of the wetland.Water required from taro production would be derived from rainfall, as well as surface waterflows from Vailoa Stream.The portions of the wetland selected for taro production would initially require the excavationof fill material to a minimum soil depth of about one to two feet. Solid waste material andvegetative material contained in the remaining soil material will need to be removed from thesite. In terms of soil preparation, the production of talo toto i le vai (wetland taro) will requiremanual and/or mechanical tilling of the soil and the possible application of some limitednutrients to the soil.Taro cuttings from disease-free propagating material would be used to establish the taro. Thecuttings are part of a taro plant stem about 12 to 18 inches long that is attached to a 2 to 3-inchsection of the corm. Such cuttings would ideally be obtained from Western Samoa. Beforeplanting, selected taro cuttings should be carefully inspected, washed with potable water,soaked in a 10 percent bleach solution for 30 seconds, and stored in a dry, cool, and wellventilatedarea for 3 to 5 days before planting.Following larger stormwater events, detained stormwater in the wetland that exceeds what isrequired for taro production would require a hydrologic connection to Vailoa Stream and thenearshore waters. The restoration of the connection would require the excavation and gradingof some fill material and sediments along the bottom of, at least, the southeast side of thewetland to ensure the discharge of surface water to existing culverts below the primaryshoreline roadway. Surface flows from Vailoa Stream would also require some clearing ofdumped construction and fill materials that impede the discharge of flows into the Tula, as wellas the construction of an inlet structure along Vailoa Stream and the southeast side of thewetland.American Samoa Wetland/Stream Restoration and Enhancement PlanFebruary 2001, Tula Wetland, Page 2-10
Figure 2-4Option 3: Expansion of Taro Production Within Tula WetlandAmerican Samoa Wetland/Stream Restoration and Enhancement PlanFebruary 2001, Tula Wetland, Page 2-11
Page 1 and 2: Asili StreamAMERICAN SAMOAWETLAND/S
Page 3 and 4: American SamoaWetland/Stream Restor
Page 5 and 6: American Samoa Wetland/Stream Resto
Page 11 and 12: Figure 1-1Location of Potential Wet
Page 13 and 14: Onsite InvestigationsNovember 1999G
Page 15 and 16: Where appropriate, stream cross sec
Page 17 and 18: Chapter TwoTULA WETLANDLOCATIONTula
Page 19 and 20: Figure 2-2Tula WetlandExisting Cond
Page 21 and 22: Improved channelization of stormwat
Page 23 and 24: LAND USES IN THE VICINITY OF TULA W
Page 25: Figure 2-3Option 2: Detention of St
Page 29 and 30: Comparative Benefits and ImpactsPPC
Page 31 and 32: TABLE 2-4PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
Page 33 and 34: TABLE 2-5LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
Page 35 and 36: TABLE 2-6 (CONTINUED)FIELD MONITORI
Page 37 and 38: Chapter ThreeALAO WETLANDLOCATIONAl
Page 39 and 40: Figure 3-2Taufusi MarchExisting Con
Page 41 and 42: Figure 3-3FEMA 100-Year Flood Plain
Page 43 and 44: East Portion of the MarshThe impact
Page 45 and 46: WETLAND RESTORATION AND ENHANCEMENT
Page 47 and 48: The availability of new, blight-res
Page 49 and 50: Long-Term Monitoring and Site Maint
Page 51 and 52: TABLE 3-7FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
Page 53 and 54: Recommended monitoring stations or
Page 55 and 56: Figure 4-1Location MapAoa Village W
Page 57 and 58: No stream flow estimates are availa
Page 59 and 60: Fresh-Water SwampThe fresh-water sw
Page 61 and 62: ecome dominant if there is a nearby
Page 63 and 64: Relative Abundance and Diversity of
Page 65 and 66: Option 4: Restore Mangrove Forest U
Page 67 and 68: TABLE 4-5COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONWETL
Page 69 and 70: Long-term resource management activ
Page 71 and 72: TABLE 4-9FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
Page 73 and 74: • begin at the Tapua Stream mouth
Page 75 and 76: Figure 5-1Location MapSoutheast Wet
Page 77 and 78:
Tufu Stream and two stream branches
Page 79 and 80:
Mr. Whistler was part of a three-pe
Page 81 and 82:
InvertebratesCrustacean densities w
Page 83 and 84:
FIGURE 5-3OPTION 1: RESTORE RIPARIA
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TABLE 5-4COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONWETL
Page 87 and 88:
Long term monitoring of the Vatia w
Page 89 and 90:
TABLE 5-8FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
Page 91 and 92:
More specific monitoring of stream
Page 93 and 94:
Figure 6-1Location MapVaipito Strea
Page 95 and 96:
Stream FlowsHistorical Stream Flows
Page 97 and 98:
California grass (Brachiaria mutica
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FIGURE 6-3FISH AND INVERTEBRATE SUR
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Most of lower Vaipito Stream segmen
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Red mangrove should be planted with
Page 105 and 106:
TABLE 6-7PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEC
Page 107 and 108:
TABLE 6-9LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
Page 109 and 110:
TABLE 6-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITOR
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Vehicular and pedestrian access to
Page 113 and 114:
Figure 7-1Location MapLeele-Papa-Ta
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Stream flow, in some cases, is cons
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Stormwater Discharges and Related F
Page 119 and 120:
AQUATIC FISH AND INVERTEBRATESGener
Page 121 and 122:
Opportunities and StrategiesOption
Page 123 and 124:
Figure 7-3Option 2: Reduction of Er
Page 125 and 126:
TABLE 7-8PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
TABLE 7-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITOR
Page 131 and 132:
More specific monitoring of stream
Page 133 and 134:
Figure 8-1Location MapSauino Stream
Page 135 and 136:
Stream FlowsHistorical Stream Flows
Page 137 and 138:
AQUATIC FISH AND INVERTEBRATESGener
Page 139 and 140:
Figure 8-3Option 1: Construction of
Page 141 and 142:
FIGURE 8-5OPTION 2: PLANT NATIVE RI
Page 143 and 144:
Long-Term Monitoring and Site Maint
Page 145 and 146:
TABLE 8-8FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
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TABLE 8-8 (Continued)FIELD MONITORI
Page 149 and 150:
LOCATIONChapter NineLEAFU STREAMLea
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Figure 9-2Leone Pala and 300-Foot L
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However, during and following heavi
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Vegetation TrendsThe lower Leafu St
Page 157 and 158:
LAND USES ADJACENT TOLOWER LEAFU ST
Page 159 and 160:
Option 2: Construct Basaltic Wall,
Page 161 and 162:
Figure 9-5:Stabilize East Stream Ba
Page 163 and 164:
TABLE 9-7PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
TABLE 9-9 (Continued)FIELD MONITORI
Page 169 and 170:
Chapter TenASILI STREAMLOCATIONAsil
Page 171 and 172:
Figure 10-2Asili Stream SegmentExis
Page 173 and 174:
Stormwater Discharges and Related F
Page 175 and 176:
Further downstream, the stream chan
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TABLE 10-4SUMMARY OF MACROFAUNAL OR
Page 179 and 180:
American Samoa Wetlands/Streams Res
Page 181 and 182:
CLEAN-UP OF LOWER ASILI STREAMLABOR
Page 183 and 184:
TABLE 10-9LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITO
Page 185 and 186:
TABLE 10-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITO
Page 187 and 188:
Vehicular and pedestrian access to
Page 189 and 190:
Figure 11-1Location MapFusi Wetland
Page 191 and 192:
WETLAND VEGETATIONNovember 1999 Sur
Page 193 and 194:
The lack of stream flow entering th
Page 195 and 196:
Figure 11-3Option 1: Remove Solid W
Page 197 and 198:
Recommended Option and Estimated Pr
Page 199 and 200:
TABLE 11-6FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEE
Page 201 and 202:
Any future monitoring stations or s
Page 203 and 204:
Project ManagerRepresentatives of a
Page 205 and 206:
REFERENCESBiosystems Analysis, Inc.
Page 207 and 208:
APPENDIX ASUMMARY OFPLANTSOBSERVED
Page 209 and 210:
Species Family EnglishNameSamoanNam
Page 213:
APPENDIX CSUMMARY OFAQUATIC MACROFA
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