american samoa - University of Hawaii at Manoa Botany Department

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LOCATIONChapter EightSAUINO STREAMSauino Stream is generally situated north of Pala Lagoon along the southern coast of the Islandof Tutuila (Figure 8-1). A 600-foot long segment of Sauino Stream is examined in this study.This segment is situated south of Route 1 and about 330 feet upstream of the Sauino Streammouth (Figure 8-2).STREAM HYDROLOGYSources of Surface RunoffSauino Stream and two unnamed tributaries carry a portion of the surface runoff that drainsfrom south slopes of Leele Mountain. Sauino Stream originates at about the 1,000-foot contourand meanders through the middle of Nuuuli Village before discharging into Pala Lagoon.An unnamed tributary east of the main stem of Sauino Stream begins near the 600-footelevation. This tributary carries surface runoff from the west side of Suaavamuli Ridge andjoins the main stem of Sauino Stream at about the 40-foot contour.A third small tributary extends from Deluxe Cafe along Route 1 to its confluence with the mainstem of Sauino Stream near the eight-foot elevation. A portion of this tributary represents the600-foot segment investigated for this study.General Stream CharacteristicsDownstream of Route 1, the small Sauino Stream tributary channel is characterized by acombination of basaltic rock and a man-made, earth lined channel. Smaller rock, cobble, sand,muck, and decomposed organic material comprise the bottom of the stream channel.Cross-sections documented by PPC in November 1999 indicate that the width of the streamsegment (between east and west stream banks) ranges between five and 24 feet. The depth ofthe stream channel (between the top of bank to the bottom of the stream bed) along the northside of the stream tributary is between 2.5 and four feet. Along the south side of the tributary,the depth of the stream channel ranges between 2.5 and five feet below the stream bank.While some solid waste material was found discarded along the 600-foot stream segment inNovember 1999, the type and volume of wastes did not appear to impede stream flow. Largersurface flows generated from stormwater events can easily overtop the stream banks and spreadinto adjoining residential and agricultural land areas.Stream ModificationsThe 600-foot segment of Sauino Stream was modified by local residents in the late 1990’s tohelp prevent property damage associated with occasional flooding in the residential area(Fanene, 1999). No rock-filled gabions or other bank stabilization structures were observedalong the stream channel in November 1999.American Samoa Wetlands/Streams Restoration and Enhancement PlanFebruary 2001, Sauino Stream, Page 8-1
Figure 8-1Location MapSauino Stream DrainageAmerican Samoa Wetlands/Streams Restoration and Enhancement PlanFebruary 2001, Sauino Stream, Page 8-2
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Asili StreamAMERICAN SAMOAWETLAND/S
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American SamoaWetland/Stream Restor
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American Samoa Wetland/Stream Resto
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Figure 1-1Location of Potential Wet
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Onsite InvestigationsNovember 1999G
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Where appropriate, stream cross sec
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Chapter TwoTULA WETLANDLOCATIONTula
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Figure 2-2Tula WetlandExisting Cond
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Improved channelization of stormwat
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LAND USES IN THE VICINITY OF TULA W
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Figure 2-3Option 2: Detention of St
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Figure 2-4Option 3: Expansion of Ta
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Comparative Benefits and ImpactsPPC
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TABLE 2-4PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
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TABLE 2-5LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
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TABLE 2-6 (CONTINUED)FIELD MONITORI
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Chapter ThreeALAO WETLANDLOCATIONAl
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Figure 3-2Taufusi MarchExisting Con
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Figure 3-3FEMA 100-Year Flood Plain
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East Portion of the MarshThe impact
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WETLAND RESTORATION AND ENHANCEMENT
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The availability of new, blight-res
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Long-Term Monitoring and Site Maint
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TABLE 3-7FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
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Recommended monitoring stations or
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Figure 4-1Location MapAoa Village W
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No stream flow estimates are availa
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Fresh-Water SwampThe fresh-water sw
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ecome dominant if there is a nearby
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Relative Abundance and Diversity of
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Option 4: Restore Mangrove Forest U
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TABLE 4-5COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONWETL
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Long-term resource management activ
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TABLE 4-9FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
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• begin at the Tapua Stream mouth
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Figure 5-1Location MapSoutheast Wet
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Tufu Stream and two stream branches
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Mr. Whistler was part of a three-pe
Page 81 and 82: InvertebratesCrustacean densities w
Page 83 and 84: FIGURE 5-3OPTION 1: RESTORE RIPARIA
Page 85 and 86: TABLE 5-4COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONWETL
Page 87 and 88: Long term monitoring of the Vatia w
Page 89 and 90: TABLE 5-8FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
Page 91 and 92: More specific monitoring of stream
Page 93 and 94: Figure 6-1Location MapVaipito Strea
Page 95 and 96: Stream FlowsHistorical Stream Flows
Page 97 and 98: California grass (Brachiaria mutica
Page 99 and 100: FIGURE 6-3FISH AND INVERTEBRATE SUR
Page 101 and 102: Most of lower Vaipito Stream segmen
Page 103 and 104: Red mangrove should be planted with
Page 105 and 106: TABLE 6-7PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEC
Page 107 and 108: TABLE 6-9LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITOR
Page 109 and 110: TABLE 6-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITOR
Page 111 and 112: Vehicular and pedestrian access to
Page 113 and 114: Figure 7-1Location MapLeele-Papa-Ta
Page 115 and 116: Stream flow, in some cases, is cons
Page 117 and 118: Stormwater Discharges and Related F
Page 119 and 120: AQUATIC FISH AND INVERTEBRATESGener
Page 121 and 122: Opportunities and StrategiesOption
Page 123 and 124: Figure 7-3Option 2: Reduction of Er
Page 125 and 126: TABLE 7-8PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
Page 129 and 130: TABLE 7-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITOR
Page 131: More specific monitoring of stream
Page 135 and 136: Stream FlowsHistorical Stream Flows
Page 137 and 138: AQUATIC FISH AND INVERTEBRATESGener
Page 139 and 140: Figure 8-3Option 1: Construction of
Page 141 and 142: FIGURE 8-5OPTION 2: PLANT NATIVE RI
Page 143 and 144: Long-Term Monitoring and Site Maint
Page 145 and 146: TABLE 8-8FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEET
Page 147 and 148: TABLE 8-8 (Continued)FIELD MONITORI
Page 149 and 150: LOCATIONChapter NineLEAFU STREAMLea
Page 151 and 152: Figure 9-2Leone Pala and 300-Foot L
Page 153 and 154: However, during and following heavi
Page 155 and 156: Vegetation TrendsThe lower Leafu St
Page 157 and 158: LAND USES ADJACENT TOLOWER LEAFU ST
Page 159 and 160: Option 2: Construct Basaltic Wall,
Page 161 and 162: Figure 9-5:Stabilize East Stream Ba
Page 163 and 164: TABLE 9-7PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATEP
Page 167 and 168: TABLE 9-9 (Continued)FIELD MONITORI
Page 169 and 170: Chapter TenASILI STREAMLOCATIONAsil
Page 171 and 172: Figure 10-2Asili Stream SegmentExis
Page 173 and 174: Stormwater Discharges and Related F
Page 175 and 176: Further downstream, the stream chan
Page 177 and 178: TABLE 10-4SUMMARY OF MACROFAUNAL OR
Page 179 and 180: American Samoa Wetlands/Streams Res
Page 181 and 182: CLEAN-UP OF LOWER ASILI STREAMLABOR
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TABLE 10-9LONG-TERM RESOURCE MONITO
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TABLE 10-10 (Continued)FIELD MONITO
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Vehicular and pedestrian access to
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Figure 11-1Location MapFusi Wetland
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WETLAND VEGETATIONNovember 1999 Sur
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The lack of stream flow entering th
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Figure 11-3Option 1: Remove Solid W
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Recommended Option and Estimated Pr
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TABLE 11-6FIELD MONITORING WORKSHEE
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Any future monitoring stations or s
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Project ManagerRepresentatives of a
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REFERENCESBiosystems Analysis, Inc.
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APPENDIX ASUMMARY OFPLANTSOBSERVED
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Species Family EnglishNameSamoanNam
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APPENDIX CSUMMARY OFAQUATIC MACROFA
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