EQAS Program User Guide - QCNet

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Chapter 9: Glossary• Mode (less specific)The Mode consensus group is comprised of methods (can be one or more) or instrument and reagent(peer) combinations that together produce a similar result that is significantly different than other resultsbeing reported for the same analyte or parameter. When all instruments and methods produce similarresults for a given analyte or parameter, there is no need to establish modes. Instead, the comparison willbe to all returned results (All Results).• All Results (least specific)The All Results consensus group includes results from all laboratories reporting for the same analyte in thesample.ComparisonAn assessment or correlation of two or more things such that similarities and differences between them areidentified.ConcentrationA measure of the amount of dissolved substance per unit of volume.CVCoefficient of variation.1 A measure of relative precision.2 For a non-negative characteristic, the ratio (displayed as a percentage) of the standard deviation to themean.3 the CV is useful because it is concentration independent.CV = (SD / mean) 100EQAAn acronym for external quality assessment.EQASExternal Quality Assurance Services.Histogram1 A graph that uses bars (rectangles) to display the frequency of the values (reported or calculated dataset)by their relative height.2 A visual interpretation of a dataset in which individual points are grouped in ranges or bins and thefrequency of their occurrence displayed.InterlaboratoryBetween different laboratories.ISO1 International Organization for Standardization.2 An international body of experts that sets general standards of performance.EQAS Program User Guide 99
Chapter 9: GlossaryLate ResultA participant submitted result for a select sample that is received at Bio-Rad EQAS after that sample hasclosed (Sample Due Date). Late results are identified in EQAS reports by a symbol or as text. Lateresults are compared to the dataset that was in place at the time the sample was closed. They are notincluded in the dataset until a recalculation at the end of a cycle to include all late and amended results.Levey-Jennings ChartA commonly used trend chart in which individual deviation measurements are plotted around a linerepresenting zero deviation. Allowable limits of error (Z-score lines) are displayed in parallel to the zerodeviation line. These limits being defined deviations from the consensus mean, ± 1, 2 and 3 Z-score. Time isdisplayed on the X-axis (horizontal). The consensus mean for your comparator is noted on the top of theLevey-Jennings chart. This chart provides a visual representation of how well a laboratory test is working.LyophilizedThe characteristic describing the result of the process of vacuum-freeze-drying a liquid material to make itscomponents more stable.MatrixRefers to the physical and chemical nature of the specimen, the substances present and their concentration.For example: urine, serum, plasma, or whole blood.Method1 Method is a comparator encompassing users reporting on the same analyte using a specific methodology.This is generally the second level of comparison for your results. There is no differentiation betweeninstruments or reagents at this comparator. There must be at least 9 results present at the Methodcomparator level, or your comparison assessment moves to the next level (All Results). For multi-modaldata distributions, comparison at Your Method is provided for informational purposes only.2 Methodology.MethodologyThe means by which an analyte is measured.Missing ResultA laboratory result that was expected by Bio-Rad EQAS for a registered test but not received prior to theclose of a sample (Sample Due Date). A missing result is identified in your EQAS reports with the symboland a dash (-) in place of the missing value.ModeA comparator comprised of methods (can be more than one) or instrument and reagent (peer) combinationsthat together, produce a similar result that is significantly different than other results being reported for thesame analyte or parameter. The Mode is a subset of the “All Results” comparator. Modes are only createdwhen there is a multi-modal distribution of the results. This allows for a more specific estimation of alaboratory’s comparison versus the use of all reported results.100 EQAS Program User Guide
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