T RAV

230 TRAVELS IN AFRICA.cafepithets here.Whether the first-mentioned ancient site, as knownto classic'lore, quoted above, wtre here or not, or whether the capital ofthe ancient rulers of this country were on the MaU1~beya river, it is stillplausibly believed that a more ancie~testablishment of Imman associationwas planted in this site of Moroccobefore the present city wasfounded by the Marabous, or lVloravidi (doctors), in the tweIfth century,when they rescued the plain from the domination ofthe pastoralArabs under their Sheiks. l'his was in the Caliphat of Keyem, these seientificor theological occupants of the plain being headed by their chief, Texapin, whose c1aim, beyond success, to the honour is not explained.In about half a century after, however, and about the year 1170, thegreat Jacob AJmanzor(the conqueror) sat on this throne. This 8eems to11ave been subsequentIy to the period when, the Moiadi or Ommiades(the pupiis now grown toogreat for their instructors), from the high...lands of Atlas, roused by Fatimites who Bed to those fastnesses From theAbassides in the east, descended into the plain, and struggled for·thedominion of it with the Moors. Bere then we s.ee ,a coutest, the invadersout of the question, between the two primitive races, Moon~ of theplain and Brebers of the mountain, and fanaticism guiding in everycase the bolts of war.This power at least blew the trumpet as s'oon asthe l\t[ussu]man creed reached the mountains; and this city, as weIl asthe country with it, .was subsequently struggled for and possessed, asthe contending parties could muster force, or as accident favoured violence.The Mate of pupilage seems to have been felt as insulting;for it is doubtfui if the distinction was submitted to for more than hàIfa century, though no strengthofmeasure was omittedtosustain it. TheArab power, however, seems to havere-established itself untiI the na..,tion was enfeebled by the defeat of rrolosa in 1212; anditÎs probablethat the :Moiadi Fatimite&, a branch of whom went. into and reig:ued i:u