Shrimp Farming and the Environment - Library

More documents

Recommendations

Info

The structure of the executive summary should follow the structure of the main body of the study. Anoutline or blueprint for a feasibility study is presented in Annex 5.Impact assessment and monitoringIt is important when planning a shrimp farming venture that an environmental impact assessment beundertaken. The discussion of impacts and mitigation measures in Chapters 3–5 of this report provide abroad outline of the kinds of impacts that should be addressed, and the mitigation measures that mightbe proposed in such assessments. Detailed guidelines for the environmental assessment of aquacultureprojects and related development programs have been produced recently by SEACAM (1999).These assessments must be undertaken with maximum public and stakeholder participation and, inaddition to the more usual technical issues, should address, at a minimum:• Siting;• The potential for cumulative or additive impacts;• Environmental capacity of the surrounding area;• Social impact (including loss of access to communal property and water);• Alternative technologies; and• Employment opportunities.Once the project is initiated, ongoing monitoring and reporting should be assured, either by agovernment mechanism or by the project proponent, with government oversight. In either case, shrimpfarmers should be required to provide regular reports to confirm that they are operating within acceptedstandards. Deviations from the norm by one operator can have disastrous effects on a number of othershrimp farmers.Environmental assessment should be integrated fully with project planning and investment appraisal, sothat it can make a positive contribution to project planning, design, and operation. This means that theEIA team should work closely with economists and engineers from the outset. In this way, EIAbecomes a positive tool to promote sustainable development, rather than a restrictive (and in somecases destructive) set of administrative procedures.Summary of minimal requirementsIn summary, any proposal for the development of a major shrimp farm or shrimp farm developmentproject must include provision for a comprehensive feasibility study (based on earlier opportunity andprefeasibility studies). A more complete outline for a typical feasibility study for a shrimp aquacultureproject is included in Annex 1. However, at a minimum, an assessment should address:• The natural resources and conditions available to support the project;• The risk of disease and the existence of industry or government strategies to prevent ormanage it;• Commercial and market conditions, such as availability and cost of production factors,domestic production and imports, and trends in total demand in the most promising markets(including foreign markets);• Similar projects in other regions or countries and their success, and possible linkages to otherindustries;• The general investment climate;• The likely environmental and social impacts;• Industrial policies and other relevant legal/regulatory aspects; and• The extent to which the project fits with existing development, natural resource developmentplans, and integrated coastal management plans.In addition, the proposal should include a comprehensive environmental impact assessment thataddresses and evaluates, at a minimum, the following areas:• Alternative siting opportunities, designs, and technologies;• Alternative management practices and levels of intensity;69
• Conversion of natural habitat and of land with alternative productive uses;• Pollution issues such as organic matter production and disposal; nutrient production anddisposal; chemical use and disposal;• Upstream impacts on capture fisheries (shrimp broodstock and seed supply, fishmeal andother feed sources);• Genetic pollution (species, races, and associated organisms);• Disease spread and disease management;• Social impacts related directly or indirectly to any of the above;• Mitigation measures;• An environmental management plan; and• Provisions for monitoring, reporting, and executing a planned response to any social orenvironmental problems.Details of existing relevant plans (aquaculture development plans, natural resource management plans;integrated coastal management plans) should be provided, and the ways in which the project complieswith, or furthers, the provisions of these plans should be described.At all stages of the project, the proponents should collaborate with governments and NGOs asguardians of the public interest.70
Page 7 and 8:
sensitivity analysis should include
Page 9 and 10:
ABBREVIATIONSMTkgmcmhaozPUDFOBCIFC&
Page 11 and 12:
ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORTIn Chapte
Page 13 and 14:
same time, development is necessary
Page 15 and 16:
Current shrimp farming practice inc
Page 17 and 18:
Current status of the industryToday
Page 19 and 20:
In recent years, several major crop
Page 21:
CHAPTER 2: SHRIMP FARMING SYSTEMSSh
Page 24 and 25:
FeedsHatcheries use a combination o
Page 26 and 27:
FIGURE 8. CONTINUUM OF DIFFERENT SH
Page 28 and 29:
TABLE 3. COMPARISON OF INPUTS FOR T
Page 30 and 31: Shrimp farming systems vary greatly
Page 32 and 33: creeks, and sea-grass beds, fulfill
Page 34 and 35: arrangement in Thailand, for exampl
Page 36 and 37: capacity is not exceeded, the nutri
Page 38 and 39: shrimp or high-value finfish produc
Page 40 and 41: In more immediately practical terms
Page 42 and 43: Disease prevention and managementDi
Page 44 and 45: (Raa 1996) indicates that it is pos
Page 46 and 47: suitable for human consumption or f
Page 48 and 49: • Supply and effluent canals shou
Page 50 and 51: CHAPTER 4: SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPA
Page 52 and 53: opportunities would need to be iden
Page 54 and 55: 26 workdays per hectare, and an ext
Page 56 and 57: One of the key elements for success
Page 58 and 59: Minimizing negative social repercus
Page 60 and 61: CHAPTER 5: FINANCIAL RISKS ASSOCIAT
Page 62 and 63: Credit riskAccess to credit at fair
Page 64 and 65: Natural factorsShrimp diseaseThe ou
Page 66 and 67: CHAPTER 6: PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
Page 68 and 69: Planning and resource managementIna
Page 70 and 71: Such initiatives have been or are b
Page 72 and 73: Conclusions and recommendationsReco
Page 74 and 75: equired to promote sustainability a
Page 76 and 77: CHAPTER 7: PROJECT PLANNING AND ASS
Page 78 and 79: • Appraisal and supervision missi
Page 82 and 83: CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDAT
Page 84 and 85: • Requirements and guidance for f
Page 86 and 87: EmploymentAs mentioned in the repor
Page 88 and 89: ANNEX 1: A BLUEPRINT FOR FEASIBILIT
Page 90 and 91: • Sensitivity calculations and an
Page 92 and 93: Table A4: World shrimp farming prod
Page 94 and 95: ANNEX 4: CASE STUDIES UNDERTAKEN BY
Page 96 and 97: ColombiaThe Adoption of Good Manage
Page 98 and 99: LocationAppendix A--Meetings Held o
Page 104 and 105: BIBLIOGRAPHYAdger, W.N. 1998. Susta
Page 106 and 107: Claridge, G. 1996. Legal approaches
Page 108 and 109: Hambrey, J.B., M. Phillips, K. Chow
Page 110 and 111: Phillips, M.J., & D.J. Macintosh. 1
Page 112: World Commission on Environment and
show all

Shrimp Farming and the Environment - Library

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?