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$WI LD R LATI\IES CROP PLANTS IN INDIA$

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2 R.S. RanaIndian Centre of Origin and Diversity of Cultivated PlantsIndian subcontinent is well known since long as an importantcentre of" origin and diversity of a large number of agrirrrticulturalcrops. Over 1S,(10() species of flowering plants aren~tive to this region. These include more than 160 domesticated'species of economic importance alongwith over 320 species of theirwild ancestral forms and close relatives and also around 800species of ethnobotanical interest. Agri-biodiversity compriseslandraces and traditional cultivars· of several cereals, millets,legumes, vep;etables, fruits, forages, fibres, sugarcane, spices,condiments and medicinal & aromatic plants.Crops in which rich diversity still occurs in India includerice (Oryza sativa var. indica and several wild species), wheat(Triticum aestivum, T. durum, T, dieoccum), barley (Hordeum vulgare),sugarcane (Saccharum species and allied genera), Echinochloa,Panicum species, Setaria species and Paspalum species, foragegrasses, legumes (Vigna radiata, V. mungo, V. aconitifolia,V. umbellata and V. unguiculata, Cieer arietinunt, Cajallus cajan,Lablab purpureus), several Brassica species, sesame (Sesamumindictlm), okra (Abelmoschus esculentus and other allied species), eggplant (Solanum melongena and related types), Citrus species, bananaand plantains (Musa species belonging to different genomicgroups), jackfruit (Artocarptts heterophyllus, A. illtegl'ijolia), mango(Mangifera indica), Phyllanthus emblica, Carissa carandus, Syzygiu11lspecies, jute (Col'chorus capsularis), tree cotton (Gossypium arboreul1i),ginger (Zingiber officinale), turmeric (Curcuma species), pepper(Piper species), cinnamon and cardamom. Among tuber crops, richvariability exists in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), taros (Colocasiaand Alocasia), yams (Dioscorea esculenta, D. alata, D. dcltoidea etc.),Coleus species, swordbean (Canavalia species), velvet bean (Mucunaspecies), elephant foot yams and coconut (Cocos nucifera), particularlyin Nicobar group of Islands. Diversity also occurs in several minor .fruits such as Zizyphus jujube and Z.nummularia, Capparis decidua,Syzygium cumin ii, Myristica fragrans, Aegle ntarmelos and severalspecies of the genera Ribes, Rubus, Juglans, Pyrus and Prunus.Concentration of genetic diversity comprising native speciesand landraces occurs more in Western ghats and NorthweasternHimalayas. The richness of plant diversity is largely due to
Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources in India 3ecological diversity superimposed with tribal and ethnicdiversification, plant usages and religious rituals.Endemic Indian plant wealth is also supplanted with newspecies and forms that have transgressed national boundaries andenriched our flora which got diversified on being isolatedclimatically and spatially. The past linkages with Indo~ChineseIndonesian, Chinese-Japanese and the Central Asian region helpedconsiderably in augmenting our crop plant resources. The influxof genetic material in distant past from Mediterranean and Africanregions has also resulted in the accumulation and diversificationof enormous genetic variability. The ancient travellers, invadersand religious missionaries have also contributed significantly. to,:",ards enriching the Indian gene centre.Wild Genetic Resources in the Indian Gene CentreWild species and putative ancestral forms of plants containvaluable genes that are of immense genetic value in crop breedingprogrammes using conventional methods or modern biotechnology.These genetic resources are likely to playa unique role in thedevelopment of new cultivars, strains and hybrids and also inrestructuring of the existing ones that lack one or the otherattribute. A comprehensive synthesis of available information onthe distribution, habitat preferences, ecology, utility, diversity etc.of such wild flora enlist wild relatives of crop plants comprisingwell over 325 species of agri-horticultural/ silvi-pastoral importanceoccurring in natural habitats as members of disturbed, bio-edaphiccommunities within the major vegetation types. Disturbedgrassland and scrub vegetation and similar open forest areas areconsiderably rich in such components except fruit trees which arelargely associated with evergreen, sub-humid, humid-tropical andtemperate ecotones.The distributional pattern of the wild plant genetic resourcesin different botanical/phytogeographical regions and the areas oftheir concentration where rich diversity of wild species stillcontinues to perpetuate, are of special significance for undertakingprogrammes on collection as well as for in situ conservation ofbiodiversity. The distribution pattern of wild species in differentphytogeographical regions reveal seven zones as follows:
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Medium and Long-term Storage of See
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IIPromising Introductions and Prior
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Promising Introductions and Priorti
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Promising Introductions and Priorti
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Use of Tissue Culture Techniques in
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LIse of Tissue Culture Techniques i
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Promising Introductions in Horticul
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Promising Introductions and Priorit
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Priorities for Promising Introducti
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Priorities for Promising Plant Intr
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Promising introductions and Priorit
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IIGenebank Management System (GMS)
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Genebank Management System (GMS) so
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IINew Policy on Seed Development an
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New Policy on Seed Development and
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New Policy on $eed Development and
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IISymptoms of Fungal and Bacterial
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Symptoms of Fungal and Bacterial Di
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-Detection Procedures for Fungal Pl
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Detection Procedures for Fungal Pla
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Detection Procedures for Fungal Pla
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Detection of Bacterial Pathogens an
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Symptoms Cause,d by Plant VirusesD.
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Symptoms Caused by Plant Viruses 16
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Symptoms Caused by Plant Vinlses 16
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Techniques for Detection of Plant V
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IISymptoms of Insect Damage in Crop
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Symptoms of Insect Damage in Crops
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IIMethods for Detection of Insects
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Methods for Detection of Insects an
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Plant Quarantine Treatments for Sal
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Plant Quarnatine Treatments jor Sal
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Plant Quarnatine Treatments for Sal
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Symptoms of Nematode Damage 203adve
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Symptoms of Nematode Damage 205Abno
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Symptoms of Nematode Damage 207, co
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Detection Techniques for Plant Para
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Detection Techniques jar. Plant Par
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Treatment Schedules for Eradication
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Treatment Schedules jar Eradication
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Plant Genetic Resources activities
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IIIntellectual Property Rights: Pro
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Intellectual J:roperty Rights,' Pro
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Intellectual Property Rights : Prot
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Intellectual Property Rights : Prot
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The Indian National Gene Bank 243sp
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The Indian National Gene Bank 245In
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The Indian National Gene Bank' 247c
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTS OF TRAINING CO
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BP Singh

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