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$WI LD R LATI\IES CROP PLANTS IN INDIA$

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22 Bhag <strong>Singh</strong>Table 2.Nuclear centres and regions of diversity ofdomesticated plants (Hawkes, 1983).Nuclear centresA. Northern ChinaB. The Near EastC. Southern MexicoD. Central to SouthernPeruRegions of diversityI. ChinaII. IndiaIII. South East AsiaIV. Central AsiaV. The Near EastVI. The MediterraneanVII. EthiopiaVIII. West AfricaIX. Meso-AmericaX. Northern Andes(Venezuela to Bolivia)There arp several such regions where crop actually did notoriginate. This argument is based on the wild progenitors, absenceof archaeological remains to suggest antiquity of a crop species.These are regions int which the crops perhaps spread from theNuclear centres in the past in which spatial isolation in time andintensive human selection played a pre~dominant role in theincrease of genetic diversity.Micro centresHawkes (1983) further identified small 'micro' centres forseveral cr, ps.1. New Guinea~Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)2. Solamon Islands and Fuji-Mlisa species3. North Western Europe-Avena strigosa, Seeaie cerealc4. United States, Canada-Helianthlls annuus, H. tuberoslts5. Southern Chile-Bromus, mango6. Brazil - Mnnihot esculenta, Ananas comostlsDiversity of crop plants in Indian sub~continentRich genetic diversity occurs in several crop plants (about 166species) and their wild relatives (about 320 species). Antiquity of
Centres of Origin and Diversity of Crop Plants 23agriculture and ethnic diversity in the sub-continent have playeda major role in the diversification of crop resources in this region.In addition, there has been a continuous stream of introductionsof new crops and their cultivars by man since the ancient times.Crops like pear, grape, nuts, datepalm, garlic, opium,maize,potato, sweet potato, tomato, chillies, french bean etc. werebrought by the Mughals, Spaniards, Portuguese and the British.Thus, both indigenous and well adapted exotic set of materialsconstitute a well balanced matrix of crop diversity in Indian subcontinent.Eight regions where diversity in major crop plants isconcentrated are as under.1. Western HimalayasBarley, wheat, maize, buckwheat, amaranth, prosomillet,finger milletFrench bean, soybean, lentil, blackgram, peasPumpkin, cucumber, Allium spp., ginger, BrassicaePome, stone, soft and nut fruitsMedics2. Eastern HimalayasBarley, maize, buckwheat, amaranth, finger millet,foxtail millet.French bean, soybean, cowpea, blackgram, peas, scarletbeanPumpkin, cucumber, Allium spp., ginger, chayote, treetomato, BrassicaePome and stone fruits3. North-Eastern RegionRice, maize, sorghum, finger millet, foxtail millet, job'stearsFrench bean, soybean, pigeonpea(perennial),blackgram,rice bean, dolichos bean, winged beanPumpkin, chayote,· cucumber, okra, eggplant, chilli!Capsicum spp. pointed gourd, ash gourd
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Promising Introductions in Horticul
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Promising Introductions and Priorit
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Priorities for Promising Introducti
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Promising introductions and Priorit
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IIGenebank Management System (GMS)
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Genebank Management System (GMS) so
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IINew Policy on Seed Development an
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New Policy on Seed Development and
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New Policy on $eed Development and
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IISymptoms of Fungal and Bacterial
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Symptoms of Fungal and Bacterial Di
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-Detection Procedures for Fungal Pl
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Detection Procedures for Fungal Pla
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Detection Procedures for Fungal Pla
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Detection of Bacterial Pathogens an
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Symptoms Cause,d by Plant VirusesD.
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Symptoms Caused by Plant Viruses 16
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Symptoms Caused by Plant Vinlses 16
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Techniques for Detection of Plant V
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IISymptoms of Insect Damage in Crop
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Symptoms of Insect Damage in Crops
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IIMethods for Detection of Insects
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Methods for Detection of Insects an
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Plant Quarantine Treatments for Sal
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Plant Quarnatine Treatments jor Sal
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Plant Quarnatine Treatments for Sal
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Symptoms of Nematode Damage 203adve
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Symptoms of Nematode Damage 205Abno
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Symptoms of Nematode Damage 207, co
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Detection Techniques for Plant Para
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Detection Techniques jar. Plant Par
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Treatment Schedules for Eradication
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Treatment Schedules jar Eradication
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Plant Genetic Resources activities
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IIIntellectual Property Rights: Pro
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Intellectual J:roperty Rights,' Pro
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Intellectual Property Rights : Prot
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Intellectual Property Rights : Prot
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The Indian National Gene Bank 243sp
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The Indian National Gene Bank 245In
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The Indian National Gene Bank' 247c
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTS OF TRAINING CO
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BP Singh

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