BP Singh

More documents

Recommendations

Info

$WI LD R LATI\IES CROP PLANTS IN INDIA$

$~\\~SAnfF~~~ ,$

42 1l.K. MathurWhat is Plant QuarantinePlant Quarantine can be defined as legal enforcement ofmeasures aimed to prevent pests and pathogens from spreading,or to prevent them from multiplying further in case they havealready found entry and have established in a new restricted area.Although it is difficult to predict how an introduced pest willbehave, if it gets established, in a new location and environment,but there is a distinct possibility that freed from its natural enemiesand competitors and with possibly more susceptible hostsavailable, pest in a new environment may have more deleteriouseffect than in its place of origin. Though plant quarantine measuresmay not' guarantee an everlasting protection against the entry ofexotic species but will certainly check or delay the introduction ofthese unwanted organisms and their subsequent establishment inhitherto clean areas.' Therefore, practicing IPlant Quarantine' i.e.protection of plants by observing quarantine measures will go along way in protecting our agriculture from the ravages of exoticpests and diseases and also from those which are not present inthat area.Plant Quarantine is in effect a national service provided bythe Central Govt./State Govts. for the benefit of the farmers. Ashas been rightly stated by Mathys (1975) "Government quarantineoffers services which are beyond the capabilities of individualbeneficiaries or that are difficult to obtain in some other way at alesser cost."Analysis of the pest risk involved in germplasm introductionThis is an important aspect to be taken into consideration bythe quarantine officials in the germplasm introduction as itprovides a sound biological basis to decide quarantine policies. Ifrisks are low, quarantine should be ~ in permitting entry butif the risks are high, the material may even be cl.e:cied entry. Thepest risk analysis should take into account the benefits that arelikely to accrue from the introduction of the planting materialunder reference, cost of quarantine inspection, treatment includingdetention in post-entry quarantine facility as well as cost oferadication, should an exotic pest get established. It should alsoconsider factors such as availability of trained staff, efficaciousdetection techniques, treatments, knowledge about the life cycle of
Principles and Concepts of Plant Quarantine 43the pest, existence of races/strains, mode of transmission, worlddistribution, factors favouring establishment, adequacy of surveyand surveillance programmes. Risk which is higher with theintroduction of vegetative propagules, rooted plants, andunderground plant parts such as rhizomes, tubers, suckers, bulbsetc. than true seed, budwood, scions and unrooted cuttings shouldalso be taken into consideration. In case of bulk imports the risksare maximum apparently because thorough examination andtreatment is very. difficult and the planting area is also far too large.Qua;antine Reg'ulationsPlant quarantine measures will be justified only when thepest has UP natural means of spread and when these are based onbio]ogica!.consideratious alone. The regulations vary from countryto country, but they all have the following c,ommon features.(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)Import permit is required;Phytosanitary Certificate is required;Specific prohibition;Grant exceptions to the prohibition for scientificpurposes;Specify inspectiQn and treatment on arrival;Prescribe post-entry quarantine or other safeguards.Guidelines for promulgating quarantine regulations aregenerally based on the suggestions made by internationalorganisation or intergovernmental agreements or conventions,which are organised within the frame work of the FAO. Whilepromulgating quarantine regulations local conditions like cropspectrum, environmental conditions, presence of alternate hostsshould also be considered. The quarantine regulations shouldhave flexibility within permissible safeguards and undue restrictionson movement of planting materials should be removed. Thiswould help in clearing the doubts in the minds of the scientists andthe farmers as well that quarantine regulations are not bottlenecksto hamper their activities but they are in the best interest of ourcountry / agricultural economy.International/Regional CooperationInternational or regional cooperation is very important forthe success of plant quarantine particularly in the present situation
Page 2 and 3: This publication has been brought o
Page 4 and 5: Page14. Genebank Management System
Page 7 and 8: CONTRIBUTORS(Number in parentheses
Page 9 and 10: IIConservation of Plant Genetic Res
Page 11 and 12: Conservation of Plant Genetic Resou
Page 27 and 28: Centres of Origin and Diversity of
Page 39 and 40: Need For Exchange of Plant Genetic
Page 41 and 42: Need For Exchange of Plant Genetic
Page 43 and 44: Principles of Plant Introduction an
Page 45 and 46: Principles of Plant Introduction an
Page 47: Principles and Concepts of Plant Qu
Page 51 and 52: Principles and Concepts of Plant Qu
Page 53 and 54: Plant Quarnatine Regulations and th
Page 61 and 62: Medium and Long-term Storage of See
Page 67 and 68: IIPromising Introductions and Prior
Page 69 and 70: Promising Introductions and Priorti
Page 71 and 72: Promising Introductions and Priorti
Page 73 and 74: Use of Tissue Culture Techniques in
Page 75 and 76: LIse of Tissue Culture Techniques i
Page 81 and 82: Promising Introductions in Horticul
Page 93 and 94: Promising Introductions and Priorit
Page 99 and 100:
Promising Introductions and Priorit
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Priorities for Promising Introducti
Page 107 and 108:
Priorities for Promising Plant Intr
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Promising introductions and Priorit
Page 121 and 122:
IIGenebank Management System (GMS)
Page 123 and 124:
Genebank Management System (GMS) so
Page 125 and 126:
IINew Policy on Seed Development an
Page 127 and 128:
New Policy on Seed Development and
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
New Policy on $eed Development and
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
IISymptoms of Fungal and Bacterial
Page 143 and 144:
Symptoms of Fungal and Bacterial Di
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
-Detection Procedures for Fungal Pl
Page 151 and 152:
Detection Procedures for Fungal Pla
Page 153 and 154:
Detection Procedures for Fungal Pla
Page 155 and 156:
Detection of Bacterial Pathogens an
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Symptoms Cause,d by Plant VirusesD.
Page 167 and 168:
Symptoms Caused by Plant Viruses 16
Page 169 and 170:
Symptoms Caused by Plant Vinlses 16
Page 171 and 172:
Techniques for Detection of Plant V
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
IISymptoms of Insect Damage in Crop
Page 179 and 180:
Symptoms of Insect Damage in Crops
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
IIMethods for Detection of Insects
Page 191 and 192:
Methods for Detection of Insects an
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Plant Quarantine Treatments for Sal
Page 201 and 202:
Plant Quarnatine Treatments jor Sal
Page 203 and 204:
Plant Quarnatine Treatments for Sal
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Symptoms of Nematode Damage 203adve
Page 211 and 212:
Symptoms of Nematode Damage 205Abno
Page 213 and 214:
Symptoms of Nematode Damage 207, co
Page 215 and 216:
Detection Techniques for Plant Para
Page 217 and 218:
Detection Techniques jar. Plant Par
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Treatment Schedules for Eradication
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Treatment Schedules jar Eradication
Page 235 and 236:
Plant Genetic Resources activities
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
IIIntellectual Property Rights: Pro
Page 243 and 244:
Intellectual J:roperty Rights,' Pro
Page 245 and 246:
Intellectual Property Rights : Prot
Page 247 and 248:
Intellectual Property Rights : Prot
Page 249 and 250:
The Indian National Gene Bank 243sp
Page 251 and 252:
The Indian National Gene Bank 245In
Page 253 and 254:
The Indian National Gene Bank' 247c
Page 255 and 256:
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS OF TRAINING CO
show all

BP Singh

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?