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$WI LD R LATI\IES CROP PLANTS IN INDIA$

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244 RS. Ranasystem. It is also the national facility in India for ex situconservation of genetic resources of agri-horticultural crops andother economic plants including their wild relatives. Establishedin 1976, this Bureau has a staff of over 560 persons working at NewDelhi and 12 regional stations Ibase centres located in representativeagro-ecological zones. It has developed strong linkages with alarge number of crop-based institutes, national research centres,All India Coordinated Crops Improvement Projects c;tnd stateagricultural universities. It interacts actively with the FADprogrammes in the region and also collaborates with severalInternational Agricultural Research Centres of CGIAR. South AsiaOffice of IPGRI is also located in the NBPGR campus. Mandateof NBPGR includes developing policy guidelines and extendingconsultancy on bi9diversity and PGRs.Base collections of germplasm are kept by NBPGR in theNational Gene Bank. The Bureau is also developing computeriseddatabase on PGR. Crop-wise components of base collections arealso maintained at over 30 National Active Germplasm Sites anddistributed to users from there. Bureau's scientists add. around10,000 new accessions of germplasm each year through plannedexplorations and also introduce around 60,000 exotic seed samplesannually from abroad. All these materials are characterised,evaluated, documented and conserved. Inventories and cataloguesare brought out and Field Days organised to promote their use.Germplasm advisory committees help the Bureau byreviewing the progress of activities, identifying shortcomings andsuggesting ways and means of overcoming them. NBPGR has theauthority on behalf of Govt. of India,. under the New SeedDevelopment Policy (1988), to issue import permits for introductionof plant germplasm for research purpose. It has also beenauthorised to conduct plant quarantine inspection and to issuephytosanitary certificates. The Union Department of Agricultureproposes to enact a Sui generis system of Plant Variety Protectionfor recognition of breeders' and farmers' rights. Likewise, theUnion Department of Environment & Forests is likely to issue aPublic Notice soon under the Export-Import Policy of the ForeignTrade (D&R) Act 1992 for regulation of transfer of genetic resourcesout of India. NBPGR will be assigned key roles in implementationof both these proposed legislations.
The Indian National Gene Bank 245Indian National Gene BankThis national facility for long term ex situ conservation of basecollections, set up by NBPGR at New Delhi, has four majorcomponents:(i) Seed Repository : Samples of orthodox type seeds aredehydrated at 15°C and 15% RH to around 5% moisture content,sealed in laminated aluminium foils under vaccum and depositedin cold storage at -20°C.(ii) Tissue Culture Repository : Disease-free tissue cultures ofrecalcitrant seeds (those not capable of withstanding dehydrationand very low temprature) and vegetatively propagated plantspecies, developed from meristem explants r are maintained usingappropriate growth-limiting media and by subculturing at suitableintervals.(iii) Cryopreservation Facility: Seed samples of selected speciesI synthetic seeds' embroys and gametes are being preserved usingcryopreservation technique, either by immersion in liqUid nitrogen(-196 D C) or by keeping in its vapour phase (around -150°C)following protocols using computerised freezing-thawing ratesand chemical cryoprotectants.(iv) Clonal Repository: Germplasm collections of vegetativelypropagated crops like turmeric, ginger, sweet potato and bananaare being maintained under field conditions following suitablecrop rotations and backed by tissue-culture s~fety duplication.Priorities of the,Gene BankThe Indian Gene Bank serves as the national facility for longterm conservation of genetic resources of cultivated plants, andtheir wild relatives and also species of economic importance.Priorities include landraces, locally adapted traditional cultivars offarmers, primitive and old varieties, prized genetic stocks and wildand weedy relatives of cultivated plants. Seed samples of allimproved crop varieties released at the national level for commercialproduction as well as of the varieties granted protection are alsokept as reference materials. The Indian Gene Bank has alsoaccepted global responsibility for providing safety duplication ofgermplasm holdings of several crops on behalf of lARes underterms set out in memoranda of understanding.
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Page14. Genebank Management System
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CONTRIBUTORS(Number in parentheses
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IIConservation of Plant Genetic Res
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Conservation of Plant Genetic Resou
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Centres of Origin and Diversity of
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Need For Exchange of Plant Genetic
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Need For Exchange of Plant Genetic
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Principles of Plant Introduction an
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Principles of Plant Introduction an
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Principles and Concepts of Plant Qu
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Plant Quarnatine Regulations and th
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Medium and Long-term Storage of See
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IIPromising Introductions and Prior
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Promising Introductions and Priorti
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Promising Introductions and Priorti
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Use of Tissue Culture Techniques in
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LIse of Tissue Culture Techniques i
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Promising Introductions in Horticul
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Promising Introductions and Priorit
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Priorities for Promising Introducti
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Priorities for Promising Plant Intr
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Promising introductions and Priorit
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IIGenebank Management System (GMS)
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Genebank Management System (GMS) so
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IINew Policy on Seed Development an
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New Policy on Seed Development and
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New Policy on $eed Development and
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IISymptoms of Fungal and Bacterial
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Symptoms of Fungal and Bacterial Di
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-Detection Procedures for Fungal Pl
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Detection Procedures for Fungal Pla
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Detection Procedures for Fungal Pla
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Detection of Bacterial Pathogens an
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Symptoms Cause,d by Plant VirusesD.
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Symptoms Caused by Plant Viruses 16
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Symptoms Caused by Plant Vinlses 16
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Techniques for Detection of Plant V
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IISymptoms of Insect Damage in Crop
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Symptoms of Insect Damage in Crops
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IIMethods for Detection of Insects
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Methods for Detection of Insects an
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Page 223 and 224: Treatment Schedules for Eradication
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Page 235 and 236: Plant Genetic Resources activities
Page 241 and 242: IIIntellectual Property Rights: Pro
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Page 249: The Indian National Gene Bank 243sp
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BP Singh

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