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$WI LD R LATI\IES CROP PLANTS IN INDIA$

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212Arjun LalContd ..... (Table 2)CropNematodeSymptoms of damageTaroYam(Dioscoreaspp.) .PotatoHirschmanniella miticausaScutellonema bradysPratylenchus coffeaeRadopholus similisMeloidogyne .spp.Pratylenchus spp.Meloidogyne spp.Globodera spp.Ditylenchus destructorSeedling transplants (symptoms after uprooting)Vegetables,rice, coffee etc.RootstocksGrapevine,peach, etc.CitrusMeloidogyne spp.NacobbllS spp.Pratylenchus spp.Hirschmanniella spp.Radopholus spp.Heterodera spp.Meloidogyne spp.Pratylenchus spp.Tylenchulus semipenetransInternal red necrotic streaks.Internal dark brown dry rotin periphery of tuberobserved when cut or whenepidermis is scraped away.Whole tubers spongy to touchwith surface cracks.Uneven, knobbly tubers;necrotic spots internally.Uneven tubers pitted with darkdry necrotic lesions.Watery tubers, swellings andlesions on surface.Cysts on tuber or in adheringsoil (difficult to detect).Surface cracking and internaldark brown rot and peripheralrot.Swellings of galls on roots.Discrete swellings or galls onroots.Yellow or brown lesions onroot.surface necrosis seen aftercleaning.Spidery or distorted root growthsometimes with white specks(females) on the surface in olderseedlings. .Galls on roots, sometimesaccompanied by rotting.Brown lesions on root surface.Irregular, dirty roots with soiladhering to surface.
Detection Techniques for Plant Parasitic Nematodes 213If any of these symptoms are observed on the plants Iplanting materials, dissection can then be undertaken to confirmthe nematode presence.c) Dissection techniques: For examination of nematode infectedplant tissue, following things are required: stereoscopic dissectingmicroscope, petri dishes or Syracuse dishes, fluorescent illuminator,dissecting needles, fine-bladed knife, scalpel or razor blade. Cutaffected roots, b~bs, leaves or buds into small pieces. Place a fewpieces in a petri dish or Syracuse dish containing water and notethe presence of nematodes under microscope by cutting open thetissues with dissecting needles. If any nematodes are found, pickthem up and process for identification.True seeds infected with nematodes do not show any clearcut symptoms and, therefore, difficult to separate from healthyones. However, in some cases (paddy, onion, peanut, foxtail millet,fababean, alfalfa) infected seeds are discoloured, shriveled andlighter in weight. Nematodes from such seeds are recovered bysoaking the seeds in water at 25 DC for about 24 hrs. and observingunder stereoscopic microscope after crushing the seeds or removingthe seed coat. It is always better to examine as many seeds aspossible. Important nematode species reported as seed borne orcarried on seed are listed in Table-3.d) Staining techniques: It is often difficult to detect nematodesin plant tissues as they are colourless or translucent. Staining issimple and helps in differentiating nematodes from plant tissues(specially roots). The most common staining technique used forroot samples is to colour the tissue with acid, fuchsin dissolved inlactophenol or lactoglycerol (0.05%), then destain it with clearlactophenolllactoglycerol. The nematodes retain red stain morestrongly than does the root tissue.e) Soil examination: Some plant parasitic nematodes (cystforming and ectoparasitic ones) can spread with small amounts ofsoil mixed with seeds or adhered to roots. To detect the presenceof cysts in soil, 5-10 gm of soil (removed from seeds by sieving orhand picking the clods) is mixed with 20 m1 water and directlyobserved under stereoscopic microscope at 15 to 50 X magnification.Brown to dark brown cysts can be seen if the soil is infested. Collectall cysts by a forecep or brush and send for identification afterproper labeling. ,
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Page14. Genebank Management System
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CONTRIBUTORS(Number in parentheses
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IIConservation of Plant Genetic Res
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Conservation of Plant Genetic Resou
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Centres of Origin and Diversity of
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Need For Exchange of Plant Genetic
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Need For Exchange of Plant Genetic
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Principles of Plant Introduction an
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Principles of Plant Introduction an
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Principles and Concepts of Plant Qu
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Plant Quarnatine Regulations and th
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Medium and Long-term Storage of See
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IIPromising Introductions and Prior
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Promising Introductions and Priorti
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Promising Introductions and Priorti
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Use of Tissue Culture Techniques in
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Promising introductions and Priorit
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IIGenebank Management System (GMS)
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Genebank Management System (GMS) so
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IINew Policy on Seed Development an
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New Policy on Seed Development and
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IISymptoms of Fungal and Bacterial
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Symptoms of Fungal and Bacterial Di
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-Detection Procedures for Fungal Pl
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Detection Procedures for Fungal Pla
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Symptoms Cause,d by Plant VirusesD.
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BP Singh

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