BP Singh

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$WI LD R LATI\IES CROP PLANTS IN INDIA$

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16 RS. RanaN<strong>BP</strong>GR proposes to expand its database through strong regionaland international linkages.Recent Developments and ConcernsSince success of crops improvement programmes depen4slargely upon availability of suitable genotypes having the desiredtraits, it is important that the breeders should continue to haveunrestricted access to crop genetic resources. International. Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources, developed by the FAOCommission on Plant Genetic Resources in 1983, is anintergovernmental agreement for 'free' supply of plant germplasmfor research purpose. India is among the 112 countries who havesigned this Understanding even though many developed countrieslike USA, Canada and Japan have expressed their reservations. Itis noteworthy that this International Undertaking is based on theconcept that all plant genetic resources are a common heritage ofmankind and this should be made freely available for use in cropimprovement programmes.A turning point came in 1992 when the Convention onBiological Diversity (CBD), signed by 154 countries, recognisedsovereign rights of nations over their genetic resources and alsoover determining terms for access to them. The eBD became. legally binding on 29 December, 1993 and India has ratified itbecoming thereby a Contracting Party. Text of the InternationalUnderstanding is being revised in a step by step process so as toharmonise it with provisions of the CBD. The revised Undertakingis likely to become protocol for implementation of CBD.India has also signed the general Agreement on Tariffs andTrade (1994) that has brought agriculture and its services alsounder the purview of this multilateral trade agreement that willlead to establishment of World Trade Organisation on 1 January,1995. Under the provisions of this agreement, member nations areto provide for Breeders' Rights through a patenting system orthrough an effective sui generis system or a suitable combinationof both. Indian Patents Act 1970 provides for process patentingbut excludes agriculture. Indian Government proposes to developa sui generis system by legislating a Plant Variety Protection Act.Likewise, it is also proposed to regulate the outflow of geneticresources through a suitable legislation.
Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources in India 17To sum up, the Indian Plant Genetic Resources Programmehas taken a lead among the biodiversity-rich developing countriesnot only in collecting and safeguarding crop genetic resources butalso in promoting their utilization in crop improvementprogrammes. Wherever, access to genetic resou;:ces is linked totransfer of appropriate technology, India will opt for obtaininghigh technology in preference to soft and hard technologies sincethe Indian system is fully capable of absorbing such technology.N<strong>BP</strong>GR is already engaged in characterization of its more valuablegermplasm accessions employing modern techniques like isozymeprofiling, RFLP, RAPD and MSV. Efforts are underway to developand employ multi-locus DNA probes for DNA fingerprinting ofprized native materials and also single-locus DNA probes fordetection of pathogens as well as for screening of availablecollections for identification of genotypes possessing desirabletraits.
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LIse of Tissue Culture Techniques i
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Use of Tissue Culture Techniques in
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Use of Tissue Culture Techniques in
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Promising Introductions in Horticul
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Promising Introductions and Priorit
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Priorities for Promising Introducti
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Priorities for Promising Plant Intr
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Promising introductions and Priorit
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IIGenebank Management System (GMS)
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Genebank Management System (GMS) so
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IINew Policy on Seed Development an
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New Policy on Seed Development and
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New Policy on $eed Development and
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IISymptoms of Fungal and Bacterial
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Symptoms of Fungal and Bacterial Di
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-Detection Procedures for Fungal Pl
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Detection Procedures for Fungal Pla
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Detection Procedures for Fungal Pla
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Detection of Bacterial Pathogens an
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Symptoms Cause,d by Plant VirusesD.
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Symptoms Caused by Plant Viruses 16
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Symptoms Caused by Plant Vinlses 16
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Techniques for Detection of Plant V
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IISymptoms of Insect Damage in Crop
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Symptoms of Insect Damage in Crops
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IIMethods for Detection of Insects
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Methods for Detection of Insects an
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Plant Quarantine Treatments for Sal
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Plant Quarnatine Treatments jor Sal
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Plant Quarnatine Treatments for Sal
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Symptoms of Nematode Damage 203adve
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Symptoms of Nematode Damage 205Abno
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Symptoms of Nematode Damage 207, co
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Detection Techniques for Plant Para
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Detection Techniques jar. Plant Par
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Treatment Schedules for Eradication
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Treatment Schedules jar Eradication
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Plant Genetic Resources activities
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IIIntellectual Property Rights: Pro
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Intellectual J:roperty Rights,' Pro
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Intellectual Property Rights : Prot
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Intellectual Property Rights : Prot
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The Indian National Gene Bank 243sp
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The Indian National Gene Bank 245In
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The Indian National Gene Bank' 247c
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTS OF TRAINING CO
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BP Singh

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