BP Singh

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$WI LD R LATI\IES CROP PLANTS IN INDIA$

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146 A. Majumdarsamples. Three devastating pathogens which were not known tooccur in Portugal at the time of inspection were intercepted.For certain seed-borne pathogens, routine laboratory testingof seed samples is regard~d unsatisfactory. In such casesinspections of representative samples against Drechslera graminea(leaf stripe) and Ustilago nuda (loose smut), is undertaken. Also,similar procedures are adopted for rice seed certification schemesin Portugal.B. Specialized TestsSpecific seed health testing methods have been developed fromtime to time in seed pathology for a variety of fungal and bacterialpathogens. Such methods are specific in the sense, that they havebeen developed for a particular pathogen in a crop and mostlyrestricted for that purpose only. In certain cases such methodshave been used for some additional pathogens or crops (Table-i).Table 1.Specialised methods developed for detection of fungalpathogens .Test Method :r'athogen CropSeedling symptoms test Septoria nodorum WheatDrechslera graminea BarleyD. teres BarleyD. sorokiniana BarleyOxgall agar method! Septoria nodorum WheatFluorescent methodHoldfast method! Phoma betae SugarbeetMangan's water Agarm.ethodPeptone-PeNB agar Fusarium spp. CerealsGuaiacol-Agar Pyricularia oryzae RiceDrechslera oryzae RiceEmbryo count method Ustilago nuda Wheat, BarleyNaOH soak method Neovossia indica WheatTilletia barclay ana Rice
Detection Procedures for Fungal Plant Pathogens and Salvaging 147Salvaging of infected germplasm1. Mechanical separationThe seed lots are cleaned mechanically by separating the soilclods, plant debris, weeds, discoloured, deformed and shrivelledseeds showing visual symptoms of the disease by hand pickingunder the stereobinocular microscope. Whereas, the vegetativepropagules are cleaned by excising the infected portion.2. Spirit washFor eradicating the seed-borne rust spores of Pucciniacarthamii from safflower, a modified technique of seed washing isgenerally adopted. The contaminated seeds are taken in a testtube. Ethyl alcohol and a pinch of river sand is added to it. Thecontents are stirred on the mechanical stirrer for 30 seconds. Thespores adhering to the seed surface get agitated and separate outin the alcohol.3. Acid washConcentrated sulphuric acid is used for destroying the rustspores of Uromyces betae in' sugarbeet seeds. The contaminatedseeds are stirred with a glass rod in the acid forI min. The t.:-:eatedseeds are immediately washed under the running tap water toremove the traces of acid and then sun dried.4. Hot water treatment (HWT)HWT technique is used for controlli 19 various seed-bornepathogens like fungi, bacteria and nematodes. Some of the fungiwhich can be successfully controlled by HWT are:Fungi Host TemperaturelTimeAlternaria brassicae Brassica spp. 50 a C for 30 minA. brassicicolaFusarium solani Cucumis spp. 55 a C for 15 minPhoma betae Sugarbeet 50°C for 30 minPhoma lingam Brassica spp. 50 a C for 30 minPhomopsis vexans Brinjal 50°C for 30 min
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Page14. Genebank Management System
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CONTRIBUTORS(Number in parentheses
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IIConservation of Plant Genetic Res
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Conservation of Plant Genetic Resou
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Centres of Origin and Diversity of
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Need For Exchange of Plant Genetic
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Need For Exchange of Plant Genetic
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Principles of Plant Introduction an
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Principles of Plant Introduction an
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Principles and Concepts of Plant Qu
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Plant Quarnatine Regulations and th
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Medium and Long-term Storage of See
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IIPromising Introductions and Prior
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Promising Introductions and Priorti
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Promising Introductions and Priorti
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Use of Tissue Culture Techniques in
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LIse of Tissue Culture Techniques i
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Promising Introductions in Horticul
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Promising Introductions and Priorit
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Page 121 and 122: IIGenebank Management System (GMS)
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Page 141 and 142: IISymptoms of Fungal and Bacterial
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Page 165 and 166: Symptoms Cause,d by Plant VirusesD.
Page 167 and 168: Symptoms Caused by Plant Viruses 16
Page 169 and 170: Symptoms Caused by Plant Vinlses 16
Page 171 and 172: Techniques for Detection of Plant V
Page 177 and 178: IISymptoms of Insect Damage in Crop
Page 179 and 180: Symptoms of Insect Damage in Crops
Page 189 and 190: IIMethods for Detection of Insects
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Plant Quarnatine Treatments for Sal
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Symptoms of Nematode Damage 203adve
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Symptoms of Nematode Damage 205Abno
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Symptoms of Nematode Damage 207, co
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Detection Techniques for Plant Para
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Detection Techniques jar. Plant Par
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Treatment Schedules for Eradication
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Treatment Schedules jar Eradication
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Plant Genetic Resources activities
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IIIntellectual Property Rights: Pro
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Intellectual J:roperty Rights,' Pro
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Intellectual Property Rights : Prot
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Intellectual Property Rights : Prot
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The Indian National Gene Bank 243sp
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The Indian National Gene Bank 245In
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The Indian National Gene Bank' 247c
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTS OF TRAINING CO
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BP Singh

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