BP Singh

200 Manju Lata Kapurnormal storage. The treatments have been successfully usedagainst insects ill fruits, vegetables, cut frowers and also in storedgrain, e.g., inN2~ 02 atmospheres, O 2levels below 1.2% for 1 weekat 350C and above, and for 24 weeks at 15°C give complete controlof stored grain insects. (Banks and Anis, 1977). In CO 2atmospheres, 60% CO 2gives 95% kill of most of stored grain pestsafter 4 days exposure at 27°C Gay, 1971) whereas, initial 70% CO , 2subsequently maintained at 35% for 10 days at 20°C also gavecomplete kill (Banks, 1979).Combination treatmentsCombination or multiple treatments have been found moreeffective in the sense that the use of cold, hot or controlledatmosphere treatments in conjunction with each other or fumigation,gives an advantage of lower effective dose, milder temperatureextremes or shorter exposure periods which alone would not beeffective or result in unacceptable injury to the commodity. Forexample unrooted cuttings of chrysanthemum stored at 0-2"C for4 days followed by fUnUgation with MB @ CTP 54 for 4 h at 15°Cagainst Spodop,tera littorallis (Powell, 1979).With the present knowledge of the treatments/salvaging. techniques to get rid of plant pests, healthy genetic units can besalvaged/ developed for safe exchange of virtually any germplasm.Hence Plant Quarantine can be projected with pride as a filter andnot a barrier against global exchange of plant genetic resources.ReferencesAnonymous (1985). Plant Quarantine Treatment Manual, USDA.Armstrong, J.W. (1989). Development of hot water immersionquarantine treatment for Hawaiian grown 'Brazilian bananas./. Econ. Ent. 75 : 787. .Baker, A. C. (1939). The basis for treatm~nt procedure wherefruit-flies are involved as a condition of entry into the U.S.Circ. 551, USDA.Banks, H. J. and Anis, P.c. (1977). Suggested procedures forcontrolled atmosphere storage of dry grain. Canberra,CSIRO Tech. Paper 13 : 23 p.