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Party Hosts and Tour Guides 514. ConclusionsIn both agent projects, use of nonverbal social cues added value to humanhumaninteraction. Of course, more exploration and evaluation is needed.I encourage those in the social interface agent community to design agentsfor support roles such as tour guide or host, leaving the humans center stage.Design for group situations refocuses one’s efforts to track and adapt to users,and creates an interesting new set of challenges. It also adds to the potentiallyuseful applications for everyone’s work in this field.AcknowledgmentsThis research was conducted at NTT’s Open Laboratory in Japan. Helper Agent was createdwith Hideyuki Nakanishi and Toru Ishida, of Kyoto University, and many other graduate andundergraduate students there. The study of Helper Agent was supported by Clifford Nass atStanford University, as well as by Kyoto University. Tour Guide Agent was created with theengineering team at the NTT Open Lab, as well as students from Stanford University, residentat the Stanford Japan Center. Thanks to all for making this work possible.References[1] Edward T. Hall. The Hidden Dimension. Anchor Books, Doubleday, New York, 1982.[2] Herbert H. Clark. Using Language. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England,1996.[3] James C. Lester and Stuart G. Towns and Charles B. Callaway and Jennifer L. Voermanand Patrick J. FitzGerald. Deictic and Emotive Communication in Animated PedagogicalAgents. In Cassell, Sullivan, Prevost, and Churchill, editor, Embodied ConversationalAgents. M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2000.[4] Jeff Rickel and W. Lewis Johnson. Task-Oriented Collaboration with Embodied Agentsin Virtual Worlds. In Cassell, Sullivan, Prevost, and Churchill, editor, Embodied ConversationalAgents. M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2000.[5] Justine Cassell. Nudge Nudge Wink Wink: Elements of Face-to-Face Conversation forEmbodied Conversational Agents. In Cassell, Sullivan, Prevost, and Churchill, editor,Embodied Conversational Agents. M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2000.[6] Katherine Isbister. A Warm Cyber-Welcome: Using an Agent-Led Group Tour to IntroduceVisitors to Kyoto. In T. Ishida and K. Isbister, editor, Digital Cities: Technologies,Experiences, And Future Perspectives. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1998.[7] Katherine Isbister and Barbara Hayes-Roth. Social Implications of Using Synthetic Characters,in . In Animated Interface Agents: Making Them Intelligent (a workshop in IJCAI-97,Nagoya, JAPAN, August 1997), pages 19–20. 1997.[8] Katherine Isbister and Clifford Nass. Consistency of Personality in Interactive Characters:Verbal Cues, Non-verbal Cues, and User Characteristics. International Journal of HumanComputer Studies, 2000.[9] Katherine Isbister and Hideyuki Nakanishi and Toru Ishida and Clifford Nass. HelperAgent: Designing an Assistant for Human-Human Interaction in a Virtual Meeting Space.In Proceedings CHI 2000 Conference, 2000.[10] Katherine Pond. The Professional Guide: Dynamics of Tour Guiding. Van NostrandReinhold Co., New York, 1993.