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Party Hosts and Tour Guides 514. ConclusionsIn both agent projects, use of nonverbal social cues added value to humanhumaninteraction. Of course, more exploration and evaluation is needed.I encourage those in the social interface agent community to design agentsfor support roles such as tour guide or host, leaving the humans center stage.Design for group situations refocuses one’s efforts to track and adapt to users,and creates an interesting new set of challenges. It also adds to the potentiallyuseful applications for everyone’s work in this field.AcknowledgmentsThis research was conducted at NTT’s Open Laboratory in Japan. Helper Agent was createdwith Hideyuki Nakanishi and Toru Ishida, of Kyoto University, and many other graduate andundergraduate students there. The study of Helper Agent was supported by Clifford Nass atStanford University, as well as by Kyoto University. Tour Guide Agent was created with theengineering team at the NTT Open Lab, as well as students from Stanford University, residentat the Stanford Japan Center. Thanks to all for making this work possible.References[1] Edward T. Hall. The Hidden Dimension. Anchor Books, Doubleday, New York, 1982.[2] Herbert H. Clark. Using Language. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England,1996.[3] James C. Lester and Stuart G. Towns and Charles B. Callaway and Jennifer L. Voermanand Patrick J. FitzGerald. Deictic and Emotive Communication in Animated PedagogicalAgents. In Cassell, Sullivan, Prevost, and Churchill, editor, Embodied ConversationalAgents. M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2000.[4] Jeff Rickel and W. Lewis Johnson. Task-Oriented Collaboration with Embodied Agentsin Virtual Worlds. In Cassell, Sullivan, Prevost, and Churchill, editor, Embodied ConversationalAgents. M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2000.[5] Justine Cassell. Nudge Nudge Wink Wink: Elements of Face-to-Face Conversation forEmbodied Conversational Agents. In Cassell, Sullivan, Prevost, and Churchill, editor,Embodied Conversational Agents. M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2000.[6] Katherine Isbister. A Warm Cyber-Welcome: Using an Agent-Led Group Tour to IntroduceVisitors to Kyoto. In T. Ishida and K. Isbister, editor, Digital Cities: Technologies,Experiences, And Future Perspectives. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1998.[7] Katherine Isbister and Barbara Hayes-Roth. Social Implications of Using Synthetic Characters,in . In Animated Interface Agents: Making Them Intelligent (a workshop in IJCAI-97,Nagoya, JAPAN, August 1997), pages 19–20. 1997.[8] Katherine Isbister and Clifford Nass. Consistency of Personality in Interactive Characters:Verbal Cues, Non-verbal Cues, and User Characteristics. International Journal of HumanComputer Studies, 2000.[9] Katherine Isbister and Hideyuki Nakanishi and Toru Ishida and Clifford Nass. HelperAgent: Designing an Assistant for Human-Human Interaction in a Virtual Meeting Space.In Proceedings CHI 2000 Conference, 2000.[10] Katherine Pond. The Professional Guide: Dynamics of Tour Guiding. Van NostrandReinhold Co., New York, 1993.
52 Socially Intelligent Agents[11] Robert B. Cialdini. Influence: The Psychology of Persusasion. Quill, William Morrow,New York, 1984.[12] Timothy Bickmore and Justine Cassell. Relational Agents: A Model and Implementationof Building User Trust. In Proceedings CHI 2001 Conference, 2001.
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SOCIALLY INTELLIGENT AGENTSCreating
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SOCIALLY INTELLIGENT AGENTSCreating
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ContentsContributing Authors1Social
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Contents21Experiences with Sparky,
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Contributing AuthorsAude BillardCom
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Contributing AuthorsxiPeyman Farati
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Contributing AuthorsxiiiBernard Ogd
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Contributing AuthorsxvNell TenhaafD
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Page 21 and 22: 4 Socially Intelligent AgentsFigure
Page 23 and 24: 6 Socially Intelligent Agentsthe ag
Page 25 and 26: 8 Socially Intelligent AgentsThis r
Page 27 and 28: 10 Socially Intelligent Agentstrack
Page 29 and 30: 12 Socially Intelligent Agentsintel
Page 31 and 32: 14 Socially Intelligent Agentsof a
Page 33 and 34: 16 Socially Intelligent AgentsIn ch
Page 35 and 36: 18 Socially Intelligent AgentsFigur
Page 37 and 38: 20 Socially Intelligent Agents[8] P
Page 39 and 40: 22 Socially Intelligent Agentscontr
Page 42 and 43: Understanding Social Intelligence 2
Page 44 and 45: Understanding Social Intelligence 2
Page 46 and 47: Chapter 3MODELING SOCIAL RELATIONSH
Page 48 and 49: Modeling Social Relationship 31soci
Page 50 and 51: Modeling Social Relationship 33Figu
Page 52 and 53: Modeling Social Relationship 35seco
Page 54 and 55: Chapter 4DEVELOPING AGENTS WHO CANR
Page 56 and 57: Developing Agents Who Can Relate to
Page 62 and 63: Chapter 5PARTY HOSTS AND TOUR GUIDE
Page 64 and 65: Party Hosts and Tour Guides 47conve
Page 66 and 67: Party Hosts and Tour Guides 492.2 E
Page 70 and 71: Chapter 6INCREASING SIA ARCHITECTUR
Page 72 and 73: Adapting to Affect and Personality
Page 78 and 79: Chapter 7COOPERATIVE INTERFACE AGEN
Page 80 and 81: Cooperative Interface Agents 63cult
Page 82 and 83: Cooperative Interface Agents 65will
Page 84 and 85: Cooperative Interface Agents 67make
Page 86 and 87: Chapter 8PLAYING THE EMOTION GAME W
Page 88 and 89: Playing the Emotion Game with Feeli
Page 94 and 95: Chapter 9CREATING EMOTION RECOGNITI
Page 96 and 97: Emotion Recognition Agents for Spee
Page 102 and 103: Chapter 10SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR C
Page 104 and 105: Social Intelligence for Computers 8
Page 110 and 111: Chapter 11EGOCHAT AGENTA Talking Vi
Page 112 and 113: EgoChat Agent 95that members in a g
Page 114 and 115: EgoChat Agent 97virtualized-ego(A)v
Page 116 and 117: EgoChat Agent 99apply EgoChat to a
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Chapter 12ELECTRIC ELVESAdjustable
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Electric Elves 103user in the agent
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Electric Elves 105The delay MDP rea
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Electric Elves 107intervening, lead
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Chapter 13BUILDING EMPIRICALLY PLAU
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Building Empirically Plausible MAS
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Chapter 14ROBOTIC PLAYMATESAnalysin
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Analysing Interactive Competencies
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Chapter 15MOBILE ROBOTIC TOYS AND A
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Mobile Robotic Toys and Autism 127m
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Mobile Robotic Toys and Autism 129F
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Mobile Robotic Toys and Autism 131p
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Chapter 16AFFECTIVE SOCIAL QUESTEmo
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Affective Social Quest 135Figure 16
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Affective Social Quest 137tion is t
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Affective Social Quest 139parents w
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Chapter 17PEDAGOGICAL SOAPSocially
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Pedagogical Soap 1432. IPD Backgrou
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Pedagogical Soap 145EmotionalApprai
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Pedagogical Soap 147trol their chil
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Chapter 18DESIGNING SOCIABLE MACHIN
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Designing Sociable Machines 151Sens
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Designing Sociable Machines 153crit
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Designing Sociable Machines 155qual
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Chapter 19INFANOIDA Babybot that Ex
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Infanoid 159— are arranged in a 4
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Infanoid 161subset of the environme
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Infanoid 163To explain the origin o
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Chapter 20PLAY, DREAMS AND IMITATIO
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Play, Dreams and Imitation in Robot
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Chapter 21EXPERIENCES WITH SPARKY,
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Experiences with Sparky, a Social R
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Chapter 22SOCIALLY SITUATED PLANNIN
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Socially Situated Planning 183will
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Socially Situated Planning 185chang
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Socially Situated Planning 187of pl
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Chapter 23DESIGNING FOR INTERACTION
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Designing for Interaction 191force
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Designing for Interaction 193ment b
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Designing for Interaction 195ductio
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Chapter 24ME, MY CHARACTER AND THE
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Me, My Character and the Others 199
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Chapter 25FROM PETS TO STORYROOMSCo
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From PETS to StoryRooms 2074. A Sto
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From PETS to StoryRooms 209realized
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From PETS to StoryRooms 211own Stor
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Chapter 26SOCIALLY INTELLIGENT AGEN
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Socially Intelligent Agents in Educ
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Chapter 27TOWARDS INTEGRATING PLOT
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Towards Integrating Plot and Charac
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Chapter 28THE COOPERATIVE CONTRACTI
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The Cooperative Contract 231relies
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The Cooperative Contract 233To supp
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Chapter 29PERCEPTIONS OF SELF IN AR
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Perceptions of Self 237semination o
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Perceptions of Self 239Figure 29.1.
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Perceptions of Self 241human senses
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Chapter 30MULTI-AGENT CONTRACT NEGO
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Multi-Agent Contract Negotiation 24
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Chapter 31CHALLENGES IN AGENT BASED
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Challenges in ABSS of Negotiation 2
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Chapter 32ENABLING OPEN AGENT INSTI
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Enabling Open Agent Institutions 26
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Chapter 33EMBODIED CONVERSATIONAL A
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ECA’s In E-Commerce Applications
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Index"like-me" test 85,89“Giant3
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INDEX 277educational computer games
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INDEX 279mutual selection 243mutual
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INDEX 281theory of dramatic writing
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