Joint Doctrine for Amphibious Operations - Historic Naval Ships ...

••EXECUTIVE SUMMARYCOMMANDER’S OVERVIEW• Discusses Air Command and Control Arrangements•Discusses the Types and Characteristics of AmphibiousOperationsCovers Command Relationships for AmphibiousOperationsCovers Amphibious Operations Planning and ExecutionConsiderationsGeneral ConceptsAn amphibious operationis a military operationlaunched from the sea byan amphibious forceembarked in ships or craftwith the primary purposeof introducing a landingforce (LF) ashore toaccomplish the assignedmission.Amphibious operationsapply maneuver principlesto expeditionary powerprojection in joint andmultinational operations.Clarification of terms.Types of amphibious operations include assaults, withdrawals,demonstrations, raids, and other operations in a permissive,uncertain, or hostile environment.An amphibious force conducts amphibious operations. Anamphibious force is defined as an amphibious task force(ATF) and a landing force (LF) together with other forces thatare trained, organized, and equipped for amphibious operations.Amphibious operations seek to exploit the element of surpriseand capitalize on enemy weakness by projecting and applyingcombat power precisely at the most advantageous location andtime. Amphibious forces provide the joint force commander(JFC) with a balanced, mobile force flexible enough to providethe required capability at the right time and place with sufficientendurance to accomplish the mission.The terms “commander, amphibious task force” (CATF) and“commander, landing force” (CLF) have been used doctrinallyin the past to signify the commanders assigned to spearheadamphibious operations. This doctrine disassociates (fromprevious doctrine) any historical implications of the terms“CATF” and “CLF” from command relations. The terms“CATF” and “CLF” do not connote titles or commandrelationships. Rather, they refer to those commanders who areinstrumental to the conduct of amphibious operations in aix