Joint Doctrine for Amphibious Operations - Historic Naval Ships ...

Chapter Vb. Detailed terrain and hydrographicanalysis to identify suitable zones of entry(e.g., beaches, helicopter landing zones, DZs,etc.).c. Information systems interoperabilitywith national, theater, and joint forceintelligence organizations, to provideintelligence in time for amphibious planningand rehearsals.d. Standoff collection assets capable ofsatisfying ATF and LF requirements fromOTH.e. Intelligence dissemination systemslinking widely dispersed forces afloat andashore.f. Flexible intelligence assets capable ofrapidly transitioning ashore with minimaldegradation of support.3. The Intelligence Cycle andAmphibious Operationsa. Planning and Direction. There are anumber of unique intelligence considerationsfor amphibious operations. During theembarked planning phase, the co-equalamphibious and landing force intelligenceofficers direct their personnel from theintelligence center established within theamphibious force to support the intelligenceneeds of embarked commands. Theintelligence center brings together ship’scompany, amphibious force, and otherembarked component intelligence-relatedactivities. While personnel and materialremain organic to their respective commands,they may task-organize to performintelligence work necessary for completionof the mission.b. Collection. During the planning phase,amphibious force collections are primarilyconducted by national, theater, JTF, and othernaval assets. These assets collect informationV-2in denied and remote areas withoutcompromising operations security (OPSEC)and perform missions at significant distancesfrom embarked forces. The paucity of thesesystems and their inherent limitations oftenresult in an incomplete intelligence picture.Advance force or pre-assault collectionoperations by ATF, LF, and other navalassets are often required to confirm andfurther develop the operational picture. Anintensive pre-assault intelligence effort willprovide support for target selection whileensuring that collection operations do notexpose the commander’s intent.c. Processing and Exploitation.Individual intelligence sections will normallyconcentrate on their particular areas ofexpertise, satisfying their units’ requirementswhile contributing a broad-scope product tothe general intelligence production effort. Forexample, LF intelligence could analyze theland battlespace, to include the enemy’s C2,ground forces, logistics, and reserves, whileATF intelligence could analyze enemymaritime forces and coastal defense threats.Air threats could be analyzed from a combinedamphibious force perspective.d. Analysis and Production. During theanalysis and production phase, all availableprocessed information is integrated, analyzed,evaluated, and interpreted to create productsthat will satisfy the amphibious forcecommanders’ requirements. Intelligenceproducts are generally placed in one of sixcategories: indications and warning; currentintelligence; general military intelligence;target intelligence; scientific and technicalintelligence; and counterintelligence.e. Dissemination and Integration.Intelligence dissemination and integrationduring amphibious operations presentssignificant challenges. Amphibious force andsupporting forces can be widely dispersed andmay not assemble until late in the planningphase, if at all. Advances in technology haveJP 3-02