Joint Doctrine for Amphibious Operations - Historic Naval Ships ...

ActionASSAULT SEQUENCEForce Arrives in Operational AreaPreparation of the landing area by supporting armsShip-to-shore movement of the landing forceAir and surface assault landingsLink up operations between surface and air landed forcesProvision of supporting arms and logistics and/orcombat service supportASSAULTSEQUENCELanding of remaining landing force elementsMission AccomplishmentDetailed information concerning the assaultas well as operations under unusualconditions (limited visibility and coldweather) is contained in JP 3-02.1, JointDoctrine for Landing Force Operations.9. Amphibious Withdrawalsa. Scope. Amphibious withdrawals areoperations conducted to extract forces bysea in ships or craft from a hostile orpotentially hostile shore. They may beconducted under enemy pressure, underoperational urgency to obtain forces neededelsewhere, or to remove forces whose missionis completed. Withdrawal begins withestablishment of defensive measures in theembarkation area and ends when all elementsof the force have been extracted and embarkedon designated shipping.b. Characteristics. While sharing manytraits of the amphibious assault, theamphibious withdrawal embraces thefollowing distinguishing characteristics.Figure XV-1. Assault Sequence• Except in the case of withdrawalsassociated with amphibious raids,planning processes will usually beabbreviated.• Time available to execute will be limitedwhen enemy action against the LF beingwithdrawn is substantial or when therequirement for forces elsewhere isurgent.• Facilities and equipment for embarkation,available fire support means, and meansfor C2 of the withdrawal may be limited.• The operation may be conducted underadverse weather conditions orunfavorable terrain or hydrographicfeatures.• The force to be withdrawn may nothave been inserted by an amphibiousoperation and units may be unfamiliarwith amphibious procedures, thussignificantly complicating the operation.XV-5