Joint Doctrine for Amphibious Operations - Historic Naval Ships ...

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Ship-to-Shore Movement PlanningLANDING PLAN DOCUMENTSCOMMANDER, AMPHIBIOUSTASK FORCE RESPONSIBILITYNaval Landing PlanLanding Craft Availability TableLanding Craft Employment PlanDebarkation ScheduleShip’s DiagramPontoon Causeway PlanUnloading PlanApproach ScheduleAssault Wave DiagramLanding Area DiagramTransport Area DiagramBeach Approach DiagramSea Echelon AreaLanding Control PlanMedical Regulating PlanAmphibious Assault Bulk FuelSystem and Offshore PetroleumDischarge System PlanCOMMANDER, LANDING FORCERESPONSIBILITYLanding Force Landing PlanAmphibious Vehicle AvailabilityTableLanding Craft and AmphibiousVehicle Assignment TableLanding DiagramLanding Force SerialAssignment TableLanding Priority TableLanding Force Sequence TableAssault ScheduleAmphibious VehicleEmployment PlanHelicopter Availability TableHeliteam Wave and SerialAssignment TableHelicopter Enplaning ScheduleHelicopter Landing DiagramHelicopter Employment andAssault Landing TableGround Combat ElementLanding PlanConsolidated Landing andApproach PlanAviation Combat Element andLanding Force Aviation LandingPlanFigure XIV-2. Landing Plan Documentsf. Availability and planned utilization ofsupporting arms.g. Need for speed and positive centralizedcontrol.h. MCM and obstacle reductionrequirements.i. Go/no-go criteria.j. Hydrographic conditions5. Over-the-Horizon AmphibiousOperationsa. General. An OTH amphibious operationis an amphibious operation initiated frombeyond visual and radar range of the enemyshore. It is based on the premise that OTHassault platforms will be available to theXIV-5
Chapter XIVOTH operations should achieve operational surprisethrough creation of multiple threats.commander as well as the requisitecommunications architecture to control theseassets. The goal of OTH operations is toachieve operational surprise through creationof multiple threats, and ultimately to shatteran enemy’s cohesion through a series of rapid,violent, and unexpected actions that create aturbulent and rapidly deteriorating situationwith which an adversary cannot cope. SeeFigure XIV-3 for advantages anddisadvantages inherent to an OTH operation.b. Scope. An OTH operation is a tacticaloption to hide intentions and capabilities andto exploit the element of tactical surprise toachieve amphibious force objectives. Itprovides greater protection to the amphibiousforce from near-shore threats, and providesescort ships a greater opportunity to detect,classify, track, and engage incoming hostileaircraft and coastal defense missiles whileexpanding the shoreline the enemy must beprepared to defend. Conversely, the expandedOTH battlespace increases ship-to-shoretransit distance and time, complicates C2, andmay strain logistic sustainment of the LF.Conceptually, the operation will still beviewed as a single integrated evolutionrather than as two or three paralleloperations (e.g., airborne assault,XIV-6conventional surface assault, LCAC assault).As the situation ashore develops, the CATFand CLF adjust the ship-to-shore maneuverto reinforce successes, and may changepenetration points, VLZs, and CLZs to keepenemy forces off balance. To increase combatpower, ease the logistic strain for forcesashore, and support follow-on forces, thedesignated commander may shift all or partof the amphibious force to near-shoreoperations, based on the threat to forcesafloat, CLF requirements, and the situationashore.c. Planning Considerations. While OTHtechniques are applicable to any type ofamphibious operation, special considerationsare required. Command and control interrelationshipsare even more critical in OTHamphibious operations. An OTH operationrequires that the landing plan be fluid,containing alternate landing sites that mayeven be selected while landing craft are intransit. Operational requirements forplanning an OTH amphibious operationinclude the following.• Developing and maintaining anaccurate and timely tactical picture ofthe operational area. The need forJP 3-02
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Joint Publication 3-02Joint Doctrin
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PrefaceIntentionally BlankiiJP 3-02
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Table of Contents• Planning Direc
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Table of Contents• Intelligence E
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Table of ContentsIntentionally Blan
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Executive Summaryjoint environment.
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Executive SummaryIf organizing the
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Executive Summaryplanning aids, and
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Executive SummaryIntentionally Blan
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Chapter Iconcentrate forces and mak
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Chapter Ig. Some combat operations
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Chapter Ioperations and the vulnera
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Chapter Ib. Designation of required
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Chapter IIoperation and any develop
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Chapter II3122.01, Joint Operation
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Chapter IIdesignated in the order i
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Chapter II8. Amphibious Force TaskO
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Chapter IIupon termination of the a
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Chapter IIICOMMAND AND CONTROLOF JO
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Chapter IIIIII-4positive control me
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Chapter IIIMarine TADC or Marine TA
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Chapter IIICONCEPTUAL AMPHIBIOUS DE
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Chapter IIIIntentionally BlankIII-1
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Chapter IVcommanders to effectively
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Chapter IVidentifying strengths and
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Chapter IVthe beach, the transport
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Chapter IV6. Crosstalks and Confirm
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Chapter Vb. Detailed terrain and hy
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Chapter VV-4understanding of the en
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Chapter VIntentionally BlankV-6JP 3
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Chapter VICOMMUNICATIONS SUPPORTREQ
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Chapter VI• Acquisition and assig
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Chapter VIIntentionally BlankVI-6JP
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Chapter VIILand-based attack system
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Chapter VIICommanders determine how
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Page 77 and 78: Chapter VIIIThe CATF is normally re
Page 79 and 80: Chapter VIII• Character, size, an
Page 81 and 82: Chapter VIIILogistic planning is ac
Page 83 and 84: Chapter VIIICONTENTS OF THE HEALTHS
Page 85 and 86: Chapter VIIILANDING FORCE HEALTHSER
Page 87 and 88: Chapter VIIIBeach Group, and Marine
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Page 91 and 92: Chapter IXMinefields and obstacles
Page 93 and 94: Chapter IXIX-4nonlethal fires, from
Page 95 and 96: Chapter IXNUCLEAR, BIOLOGICAL, AND
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Page 99 and 100: Chapter Xto permit initiation of pr
Page 101 and 102: Chapter XI• Replenishment, repair
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Page 105 and 106: Chapter XIIMateriel arriving from l
Page 107 and 108: Chapter XIIXII-4•• Aircraft req
Page 109 and 110: Chapter XII• Are clear of mines a
Page 111 and 112: Chapter XII• Landing Craft Air Cu
Page 113 and 114: Chapter XIIthe demonstration force
Page 115 and 116: Chapter XIIIa. Supporting maritime
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Page 119 and 120: Chapter XIVTHE INVASION OF NORMANDY
Page 121: Chapter XIVPLANNING SEQUENCELF sche
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Page 127 and 128: Chapter XVmaneuverability. This org
Page 129 and 130: Chapter XVjustified only when such
Page 131 and 132: Chapter XVc. Execution. The amphibi
Page 133 and 134: Chapter XVAMPHIBIOUS OPERATIONS DUR
Page 135 and 136: Chapter XVb. General. Rehearsals ar
Page 137 and 138: Chapter XVXV-12TYPES OF MILITARYOPE
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Page 141 and 142: Appendix A21. JP 5-0, Doctrine for
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Page 145 and 146: Appendix B5. Distributiona. Additio
Page 147 and 148: GlossaryDASCDCAD-dayDZEAEMCONEPWEWF
Page 149 and 150: GlossaryVLZVSWVTOLvertical landing
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