Joint Doctrine for Amphibious Operations - Historic Naval Ships ...

Air Command and Control• Location of enemy forces inside and inclose proximity to the HIDACZ.• At a minimum, the HIDACZ shouldcover the amphibious task force seaechelon areas and extend inland to theLF’s fire support coordination line.Additionally, the HIDACZ should belarge enough to accommodate the flowof fixed-wing aircraft into and out of theamphibious airspace.c. Under the ATF, the Navy tactical aircontrol center (TACC), typically onboardthe amphibious flagship, will normally beestablished as the agency responsible forcontrolling all air operations within theallocated airspace regardless of mission ororigin, to include supporting arms. Anairborne element or surface combatant withthe requisite air C2 capabilities may also servethis function. Regardless of where actualairspace control is exercised, close andcontinuous coordination between airspacecontrol and air defense agencies is essentialin any amphibious operation. Emphasis willbe placed on simple, flexible air traffic controlplans and a combination of positive andprocedural airspace control. Most amphibiousoperations will take place in a radarenvironment, allowing for increased controlover air missions. There are three levels ofcontrol: procedural, positive, and acombination of the two. Amphibious forcesoperating in a non-radar environment will relyexclusively on procedural control.Amphibious air control plans employ acombination of positive and proceduralcontrol methods.• Positive Airspace Control. Positiveairspace control uses radar, electronicwarfare support, identification, friend orfoe/selective identification feature, visualmeans, digital data links, and elementsof the air defense network command,control, communications, and computer(C4) systems to positively identify, track,and direct air assets.• Procedural Airspace Control.Procedural control methods supplementthose methods utilized in positiveairspace control. Procedural control willbe used when electronic or visualidentification, tracking, or communicationmeans are unavailable or inadequate toprovide positive airspace control. Thesemethods are often used when adequatecoverage does exist to complementThe Navy TACC will normally be established as the agencyresponsible for controlling air operations.III-3