Joint Doctrine for Amphibious Operations - Historic Naval Ships ...

13. Electronic WarfareEn RouteSubject to restrictions imposed in theinitiating guidance, normally the CATFcontrols employment of EW within theamphibious force during movement to theoperational area. This control includescommunications of the embarked LF. Varyingdegrees of EMCON are normally imposedduring the movement phase.14. Intelligence En Routea. The amphibious force, or elementsthereof, may receive significant intelligenceinformation while en route to the operationalarea. This is particularly true in situationswhere advance forces or forces external tothe amphibious force, such as theater air, SOF,or carrier strike forces, conduct pre-D-dayoperations in the operational area or whereremote sensor data is provided.b. The intelligence center is responsible fortimely dissemination of pertinent intelligenceinformation to the CATF and CLF. ATF shipsreceiving such information are responsible forpassing it to the embarked landing forces.15. Coordination DuringPassagea. In an amphibious operation, forces nota part of but supporting the amphibious forcemust coordinate their operations with the ATF.This coordination must be delineated in theplans of the JFC or designated commander.b. Individual commanders must remainaware of the need for maintaining the scheduleand proceeding along prescribed routes. Ifdeviation is required, the commander of thegroup will determine whether to breakEMCON to advise other commands of thesituation. In certain situations, there may beserious consequences if friendly land orcarrier-based search aircraft observe a forceMovement to the Operational Areain a position not indicated in the aircrewbriefing. All commanders must be fullycognizant of the general scheme and area ofoperations of other forces.16. Approach to theOperational Areaa. Approach to the operational areaincludes the arrival of various task groups inthe vicinity of the operational area anddeployment of task groups from cruisingformations, reforming as necessary accordingto assigned tasks and proceeding to designatedpositions in the operational area. During thiscritical period, additional protective measuresmay be necessary. These provisions shouldencompass:• Special air defense measures, includingtimely air strikes against enemy airfieldswithin range of the landing area;• Location and neutralization of enemysubmarines, surface craft, minefields, andshore batteries that can interfere with theapproach; and• Selection of approach routes that avoidlengthy exposure to fire from enemyshore batteries.b. Approach of the main body of theamphibious force is usually more complicatedthan the advance force, because it involves agreater number of ships and because the arrivalof the main body must be carefully timedrelative to H-hour. If, however, an advanceforce has been employed, protective measuresfor the main body during the approach aregenerally easier because the advance forcemay have been in the area for some time andhad time to take many of the necessaryprotective measures. In particular, minesweepassets of the advance force will normally haveswept enough of the landing area to permitthe main body to approach with less risk. Thesame considerations apply to the approach ofXII-9