F. AKMAN, et alChloroquine and hydroxychloroquine maculopathyThere is no consensus in different parts ofthe world about the screening frequency for “highrisk” or “low risk” patients, and there is no standardtest for screening to detect early maculopathy 1-9 . Butthere is a world wide acceptance in the descriptionof low or high risk patients and we also use thesame terminology in our clinic. The Royal College ofOphtalmologists guidelines recommend a baselineophthalmic examination including best correctedvisual acuity, fundoscopy, and a central visual fieldtest 8 . Patients should be warned to report any visualdisturbance and may be given an Amsler chart touse monthly. No further ophthalmic examination isneeded unless the patient is symptomatic 8 .The most frequently used follow up testsare Amsler grid and 10/2 visual field testing whichconcern examination of the macula. However,some centers use 40/2 visual field testing for followup, as was the situation in Case 1. There are alsosome new tests mentioned in the literature, pointingto early detection of maculopathy, such asmultifocal ERG (mfERG), high speed ultra highresolution optical coherence tomography (hsUHR-OCT) and blue-yellow perimetry. The sensitivity andspecifity of these tests are not yet known and theavailability and interpretation of these test resultsare a great concern 9-11 .The two cases of advanced maculopathymentioned here were diagnosed during a 5 yearperiod (5 years and 3 months in Case 1; 3 yearsand 4 months in Case 2). These cases are bothestablished maculopathy cases, where toxicitypossibly started months before the diagnosis. InCase 1, the test results were misinterpreted by thepatient’s rheumatologist and she should have beenreferred to an ophthalmologist. In Case 2, thepatient was poorly informed about the importance offollow up procedures. The information procedureshould be done more seriosly. We are nowpreparing a more detailed “patients’ informedconsent form” in our clinic and we are going topublish the results of our clinical protocol which wasprepared in accordance with the screening methodsmentioned in studies from our country 12,13 .Although the mentioned doses aremonitored and most patients are under control,there are still some patients suffering fromretinopathy. Since 2002, 16 more cases have beenreported in the literature, suffering from antimalarialretinopathy. We now add two more cases to these 14 .Advanced cases of maculopathy havebeen considered rare, but still continue to bediagnosed in the community. Thus, we still needbetter screening protocols and we still need to findbetter ways to inform patients about the first signs ofmaculopathy to eliminate this irreversibile butpreventable dramatic result.REFERENCES1. Marmor FM. New American Academy ofOphtalmology recommendations on screeningfor hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. ArthritisRheum 2003 Jun;48(6):1764. doi:10.1002/art.109802. Browning DJ. Hydroxychloroquine andchloroquine retinopathy: screening for drugtoxicity. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;133: 649- 656.doi: 10.1016/S0002-9394(02)01392-23. Easterbrook M. Screening for antimalarialtoxicity: current concepts. Can J Ophtalmol.2002; 6:325- 328.4. Tehrani R, Ostrowski RA, Hariman R, Jay WM.Ocular toxicity of hydroxychloroquine. SeminOphtalmol. 2008; 23 :201- 209. doi:10.1080/088205308020499625. Rigaudière F, Ingster-Moati I, Hache JC, Leid J,Verdet R, Haymann P, Rigolet MH, Zanlonghi X,Defoort S, Le Gargasson JF: Updatedophtalmological screening and follow upmanagement for long term antimalarialtreatment. J Fr Ophtalmol 2004; 27:191- 199.6. Rüther K, Foerster J, Berndt S, et al.Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine:variability ofretinotoxic cumulative doses. Ophthalmologe2007;104:875-879. doi: 10.1007/s00347-007-1560-77. Pluta JP, Rühter K. Retinal damage by(hydroxyl)chloroquine intake:published evidencefor an efficient ophthalmological follow-up. KlinMonbl Augenheilkd 2009;226:891-896. Epub2009 Nov. 13. doi 10.1055/s-0028-11098818. Blyth C, Lane C: Hydroxychloroquineretinopathy:is screening necessary? BMJ. 1998;316 :716– 7179. Gilbert ME, Savino PJ: Missing the bull’s eye.Surv Ophtalmol 2007; 52 :440- 442.10. Rodriguez-Padilla JA, Hedges TR 3rd, MonsonB, Srinivasan V, Wojtkowski M, Reichel E, DukerJS, Schuman JS, Fujimoto JG: High speed ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomographyfindings in hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. ArchOphtalmol 2007; 125: 775- 780.11. Razeghinejad MR, Torkaman F, Amini H: Blueyellow perimetry can be an early detector ofhydroxychloroquine and chloroquine retinopathy.Med Hypotheses 2005; 65 :629- 630. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2005.04.00512. Gündüz K, Okka M, Zengin N, Okudan S,Özbayrak N,Acaroğlu Ş. Klorokin tedavisinderetina toksisitesinin araştırılması. T KlinOftalmoloji 1995; 4: 47-51.13. Köse S, Akkın C, Ya_cı A, Ate_ H,Haznedaro_luG. Klorokin retinopatisinin saptanması veizlenmesinde kullanılan yöntemlerin etkinliği. MNOftalmoloji 1993; 2: 299-301.14. Herman K, Leys A,Spileers W:Hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity: two casereports and safety guidelines. Bull Soc BelgeOphtalmol 2002; 284: 21- 29.72<strong>Marmara</strong> <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Journal</strong> 2011; 24 (1):68-72
<strong>Marmara</strong> <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Journal</strong> 2011; 24 (1):73-77 DOI: 10.5472/MMJ.2010.01604.1Case Report / Olgu SunumuTuba-Ovarian Inguinal Herniation after Radiological PercutaneousTreatment of Inguinal Lymphocele; A Case Report and Review ofthe Literatureİnguinal Lenfoselin Radyolojik Perkütan Drenajı Sonrası Tuba Ovaryan İnguinalHerniasyon; Olgu Sunumu ve Literatürün Gözden GeçirilmesiMelih AKINCI, Kerim Bora YILMAZ, Celil UĞURLU, Hakan KULAÇOĞLUDışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, 4. Genel Cerrahi Kliniği, Ankara, TürkiyeABSTRACTIn this case report, we describe an unusual tuba-ovarianinguinal herniation after percutaneous inguinallymphocele treatment which is a rare condition after aradiological intervention. Lymphocele and other cysticstructures of the groin are reviewed within the differentialdiagnosisKeywords: Lymphocele, Inguinal Herniation,Percutaneous DrainageÖZETÇok nadir görülen inguinal lenfoselin girişimsel radyolojitarafından perkütan drenajı sonrası oluşan tuba ovaryaninguinal herniasyon olgusu sunulmuştur. Ayırıcı tanıdakasık bölgesinin lenfoseli ve diğer kistik oluşumlarıgözden geçirilmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Lenfosel, İnguinal Herniasyon,Perkütan DrenajINTRODUCTIONThe groin hernia sac generally containsstructures such as ileum, jejunum, colon, omentumand infrequently unusual structures are contents ofthe hernial sac such as vermiform appendix, ovary,fallopian tube and, urinary bladder 1 . Most of thehernias containing ovary and fallopian tubes werereported to be found in children and, oftenaccompanied with other congenital anomalies of thegenital tract 2 .Lymphocele is a cystic structure thatoccurs after surgical interventions in areas with anextensive lymphatic network due to injury to thelymphatic vessels 3 . In this case report, we describean unusual tuba-ovarian inguinal herniation afterpercutaneous lymphocele treatment which is a veryrare condition after a radiological intervention.Lymphocele and other cystic structures of the groinare reviewed within the differential diagnosis.CASE REPORTA 46-year old, premenapousal woman wasadmitted to our clinic with a left inguinal painfulswelling. She was married and had two children,delivered by normal vaginal births, with ages 14 and7. She had a history of right and left inguinal herniarepairs fourteen years and twelve years agorespectively. Two years ago, she realized a leftinguinal painless swelling and a lymphocele was thepresumed diagnosis when ultrasound showed a4x3cm fluid collection. Inguinal lymphocele wasrevealed with computerized tomography (Figure 1),and was primarily treated with percutaneousdrainage. She did not have leukocytosis and all thelaboratory tests were in normal range. Drainagespecimen cytological examination reported asbenign cytology with monocyte, macrophage serialcells, lymphocyte cells, plasma cells and reactivemesothelial cell that was harmonious with thelymphocele diagnosis. Cultures were negative.Başvuru tarihi / Submitted: 19.05.2010 Kabul tarihi / Accepted: 09.11.2010Correspondence to: Melih Akıncı, M.D. Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, 4. Genel CerrahiKliniği, Ankara, Türkiye e-mail: melihakinci@yahoo.com73<strong>Marmara</strong> <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Journal</strong> 2011; 24 (1):73-77