2220the Home Ministry’s Central Reserve Police Force and the SOG of the Jammu andKashmir police force used excessive force; however, there were no charges broughtin connection with this use of excessive force. On August 17, militants from Harkatul-JehadeIslami reportedly killed six Hindu villagers and seriously wounded sevenin the Rajouri district in Jammu (see Section 5). According to HRW, on August 18,militants killed three elderly men and a teenage boy, and wounded two other personswhen they fired automatic weapons at civilians in Ind village, Udhampur (seeSection 5). On September 12, Lashkar-e-Tayyaba and Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen militantswearing army uniforms entered an army camp at Beerwa, Budgam district,and fired automatic weapons at the sleeping soldiers; 11 soldiers were killed. Twoof the attackers were killed in the ensuing gun battle. In early December, militantskilled two members of a policeman’s family and wounded two others when theybarged into a house in the border district of Poonch and opened fire. Militants alsocarried out attacks on security forces that killed numerous persons (see Section1.g.). On December 22, six militants with concealed weapons entered Delhi’s RedFort, an historic monument that also houses an army unit, during a regularlyscheduled sound and light show for the public. The militants opened fire on thecrowd, killing a soldier and two civilians. The Lashkar-e-Tayyaba militant grouplater claimed responsibility for the attack. On December 26, city police raided aDelhi apartment and shot and killed Abu Shamal, whom they claimed to beLashkar-e-Tayyaba militant involved in the Red Fort attack.Killings of security force members by militants in Jammu and Kashmir increasedfor the third year in a row. According to official statistics, 397 security force personnelwere killed in the state during the year. The Ministry of Home <strong>Affairs</strong> reportedthat 356 security force members were killed in the state in 1999 and that232 members died in Jammu and Kashmir in 1998.Insurgency and increased ethnic violence took a heavy toll in the northeasternstates. Extensive, complex patterns of violence continued in many of the sevennortheastern states. The main insurgent groups in the northeast include two factionsof the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN) in Nagaland; Meitei extremistsin Manipur; the ULFA and the Bodo security force in Assam; and the AllTripura Tiger Force (ATTF) and the National Liberation Front of Tripura (NLFT)in Tripura. The proclaimed objective of many of these groups is to secede from thecountry, creating new, independent nations. Their stated grievances against theGovernment range from charges of neglect and indifference to the widespread povertyof the region, to allegations of active discrimination against the tribal and nontribalpeople of the region by the central Government (see Section 5). The oldest ofthese conflicts, involving the Nagas, dates back to the country’s independence in1947. On August 1, 1997, a ceasefire between the Government and the Isak-Muivahfaction of the NSCN (NSCN-IM) entered into effect. The ceasefire was extended inJanuary until July 31, 2001. In April another Naga insurgent group, the NationalSocialist Council of Nagaland-Khaplang (NSCN-K), announced a formal ceasefire.Security forces were not operating against either of the two NSCN factions and bothgenerally were observing the ceasefire with security forces. However, in April weeklongfighting between the 2 NSCN factions left over 45 persons dead, and 4,500 personswere forced to flee 15 villages in Mon district (see Section 2.d.). Negotiationsto widen the area of application of the ceasefire were handicapped when NSCN(I-M) leader Thuingaleng Muivah was arrested in Thailand on January 19 for travellingon a forged South Korean passport. On August 25, a joint group of Thai andIndian citizens appealed to the central Government to secure the release of theNSCN(IM) leader in the interest of Naga peace talks. He was released on bail inSeptember.Elsewhere in the northeast, Bodo-Santhal ethnic clashes, which began in April1998, continued throughout the year. More than 87,000 persons live under poor conditionsin relief camps in Assam’s Kokrajhar, Gosaigaon, and adjoining districts asa result of the ongoing violence between Bodos and Santhals. The killings of ULFAleaders’ family members during the year renewed concerns about the situation inAssam.Militant groups in Manipur, Tripura, and Assam continued to attack civilians.In Tripura on January 3, the NLFT killed three persons, including Ravi KumarDevbarma, a Communist Party of India (Marxist)CPI(M)-leader, inKashichandrapara. Prior to the April 30 to May 3 elections for the Tripura tribalautonomous district council, ultras (militants) threatened to harm seriously personswho voted in favor of any candidate not belonging to the Indigenous People’s Frontof Tripura (IPFT). During the period before the election, more than 1,500 nontribalfamilies from 3 villages were left homeless as tribals backed by militants intensifiedtheir offensive to cleanse autonomous district council areas of Bengalis. On April 14,the NLFT killed four nontribal villagers in Ramdulapara, north Tripura. Reportedly,VerDate 11-MAY-2000 13:46 Sep 20, 2001 Jkt 071555 PO 00000 Frm 00064 Fmt 6601 Sfmt 6621 F:\WORK\COUNTRYR\S71555\71555.035 HINTREL1 PsN: HINTREL1
2221the NLFT was retaliating for a United Bengali Liberation Force (UBLF) attacknearby on March 8 in which a villager was killed and six tribals were injured seriously.On April 15, the NLFT killed at least 12 villagers in Khas Kalyanpur, WestTripura. On May 4, NLFT militants shot three family members of KishoreDebbarma, an NLFT deserter. On May 15, NLFT militants killed four persons andabducted three others in west and south Tripura (see Section 1.b.). CPM sources allegethat all of the victims were CPM supporters and that the NLFT was punishingthem for voting for the CPM in the council polls. On May 19, NLFT insurgentskilled seven nontribals—including CPM workers’ family members—and set fire toseveral houses in south and west Tripura. On May 20, at least 8 persons were killedand more than 20 others were injured in Kalyanpur, west Tripura. On May 21, 15persons were killed in Teliamura and Kalyanpur in attacks on tribals by nontribals.NLFT insurgents killed 40 villagers in west Tripura on May 21, including19 nontribals who were massacred at a relief camp in Kalyanpur. On May 22, NLFTinsurgents killed three nontribals in Gandachhara. On May 25, NLFT membersraided the house of a CPM leader in west Tripura, and burned alive his 8-year-oldson. On May 26, ATTF rebels killed a tribal person and kidnaped four others (seeSection 1.b.). On May 28, the NLFT shot and killed two farmers in Raiabari. OnJune 6, ATTF ultra’s hacked a person to death in Warengtubari. On June 13, twopersons, including a paramilitary officer, were killed in an ethnic clash inTelaimura, in which a Bengali mob, angered at a killing by tribals, turned violent.On June 23, NLFT militants kidnaped and killed a person in Anandapur village.On June 26, four persons were injured in ethnic clashes between tribals and Bengalisin Teliamura. On July 9, NLFT militants shot and killed Dhirendra Roy, aCPM leader at Salema. On July 14, tribals set fire to more than 150 houses, injured3 persons, and kidnaped another in Teliamura. On July 22, rebels of the Bru NationalLiberation Front (BNLF), a group of Reang tribals, shot 12 NLFT activistsat Saikarbari. On July 25, tribal rebels killed Roman Catholic priest Victor Crastanear Bongsul village. The same day UBLF activists set 25 houses on fire in westTripura. On August 17, militants killed a villager at Panisagar and abducted threepersons from Manu (see Section 1.b.). On August 26, NLFT insurgents killed onetribal youth in Sidhai, a fisherman at Jarulbachai, and a plantation worker inNarendrapur Tea Estate. On August 27, Bengalis in Tripura State Rifles uniformshacked to death three tribal women in Durga Charan Para village. NLFT ultra’skilled a priest as he was exiting a Kali temple in Jirania on August 27 (see Section5). On November 19, NLFT members killed six Bengali settlers, including two children,in the remote Barahaldi area of Tripura; a few hours later, Bengali settlerskilled seven tribals in retaliation.In Assam, on April 9, United People’s Democratic Solidarity (UPDS) militantslined up 11 non-Karbi laborers in the Dhansari Reserve Forest in Karbi Anglongdistrict, and shot at them. (The UPDS is a Karbi radical group fighting for greaterautonomy for the Karbis, and Karbis are tribal peoples native to KarbiAnglong district.)On April 19, UPDS militants killed 11 Nepalis at East and West Umplaphervillages. On April 24, UPDS militants killed six Bihari laborers in Akhoiputua aspart of their ethnic cleansing drive in Karbi Anglong district. In April alone, theKarbis killed 29 persons. In an ambush near Haflong, Dima Halam Daoga (DHD),militants killed an executive magistrate and five others on May 18. On June 3,ULFA militants at Srijangram in Bongaigaon killed two Assam policemen. On June20, two CRPF personnel and a top People’s United Liberation Front (PULF) leaderwere killed in an encounter at Motinagar. On June 25, surrendered ULFA leaderTarun Phukan was found dead; it is believed that ULFA activists killed him atSivsagar. On July 16, UPDS activists in Karbi Anglong district shot 10 nontribals,mostly women and children. On July 18, migrant Biharis killed six Karbi villagersin Karbi Anglong. On July 26, DHD militants opened fire in a marketplace atHerangajao, killing two traders and injuring six others. On August 20, suspectedNational Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB) militants killed Bodo Sahitya SabhaPresident Bineswar Brahma in Guwahati. On August 21, at Bijni, NDFB rebelskilled eight persons including a Peoples Democratic Front Legislator, MohiniBasumatary. On August 22, Bodo militants killed a former All Assam StudentsUnion Leader. On August 27, a man affiliated with the People’s United LiberationFront (PULF) killed a 7yearold Muslim boy in Cachar for unknown reasons, generatingprotests from Muslim organizations such as Nadwadoot Tamir and the CacharKoumi Madrassa Students’ Association. On December 7, in Sadiya, Assam, morethan 20 ULFA militants killed 28 persons after intercepting 3 trucks carrying non-Assamese, mainly Nepali settlers, from a nearby market.On June 10, unidentified militants killed noted playwright and social workerArambam Somorendra at Khurai Salanthong. On June 28, unknown assailantskilled 10 passengers in a car on the Imphal-Jiri stretch of National Highway 53.VerDate 11-MAY-2000 13:46 Sep 20, 2001 Jkt 071555 PO 00000 Frm 00065 Fmt 6601 Sfmt 6621 F:\WORK\COUNTRYR\S71555\71555.035 HINTREL1 PsN: HINTREL1
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2163All factions probably hold poli
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2165and unexploded ordnance. Nevert
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2167bade non-Muslims from living in
- Page 13 and 14: 2169tion of most of the country. Go
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- Page 25 and 26: 2181humiliating, painful punishment
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- Page 31 and 32: 2187received death threats a few we
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- Page 73 and 74: 2229sions would seriously affect hu
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- Page 83 and 84: 2239ever, no further information wa
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- Page 89 and 90: 2245and branded her with hot iron r
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- Page 107 and 108: 2263illustration of the consequence
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2271In 1997 the Government for the
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2273pali Congress Party flags. A bo
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2275The authorities are more likely
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2277of the monarch who allegedly ki
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2279the Government generally does n
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2281areas along the country’s bor
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2283groups. Nevertheless, converts
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2287Provisional Constitutional Orde
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2291ditions, Sindh Inspector Genera
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2293then another FIR is activated a
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2295Farooq Sattar was arrested by o
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2297case pending before any other s
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2299The Hudood ordinances criminali
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2303cast on television; however, so
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2305which stipulated a sentence of
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2307ties at times prevent political
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2309fair. Nawaz Sharif’s Pakistan
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2311sioners review blasphemy cases
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2313of Shari’a (see Section 1.c.)
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2315late head of the Board of Inter
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2317Courts also may order that chil
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2321these services to a few core ar
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2325administration in Multan approa
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2331during the year and in previous
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2333The LTTE was responsible for a
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2335persons tried on criminal charg
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2337the other by the LTTE. The bord
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2339thor, remained subject to gover
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2341bombs exploded in the hall of t
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2343September 29, the Center for Mo
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2345a strong commitment to children
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2347All workers, other than civil s
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23491999, the LTTE began a program