White Spaces Innovation in Sweden - Innovation policy for ... - Vinnova
White Spaces Innovation in Sweden - Innovation policy for ... - Vinnova
White Spaces Innovation in Sweden - Innovation policy for ... - Vinnova
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WHITE SPACES INNOVATION IN SWEDENmatch the variety of a given set of stimuli on a one-to-one basis with a given set ofresponses. Rather, through a filter<strong>in</strong>g and <strong>in</strong>terpretive process, it reduces the varietyof the response called <strong>for</strong> by reduc<strong>in</strong>g the number of stimuli that it actually needs torespond to. Data are filtered and <strong>in</strong>terpreted <strong>in</strong> ways that are unique <strong>for</strong> each of us.These differences are crucial <strong>for</strong> problem solv<strong>in</strong>g, variety generation and <strong>in</strong>novations<strong>in</strong>ce they create possibilities <strong>for</strong> creative tension and complementarily. This is importantfrom an <strong>in</strong>novation po<strong>in</strong>t of view because it means that the same bits of <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mationhave different mean<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>for</strong> us as <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation process<strong>in</strong>g agents. The <strong>for</strong>mative aspectsare valid not only as personal attributes but also how they might be contested and <strong>in</strong>fluencedby <strong>in</strong>teraction with other persons <strong>in</strong> the fram<strong>in</strong>g of shared problems. In a broadersense and especially <strong>in</strong> a dynamic perspective the <strong>for</strong>mative aspects also have to take<strong>in</strong>to account the mutual relationship between personal cognitive and perceptual filtersand values or culture. This becomes very clear <strong>in</strong> Roberto Vergantis book Design-Driven <strong>Innovation</strong> when talks about <strong>in</strong>novation of mean<strong>in</strong>gs but the relationship is alsoreflected <strong>in</strong> Storpers (1997) notion of conventional-relational assets.Figure 2.1 Illustration of Ashby´s lawSource: Boisot (2007)The reason <strong>for</strong> stress<strong>in</strong>g and show<strong>in</strong>g the <strong>for</strong>mative layer is an acknowledgement ofthe decisive importance diversity of perspectives, heuristics, <strong>in</strong>terpretations and predictivemodels have <strong>for</strong> <strong>in</strong>novation (Page (2007). For Page diversity is cognitive differencesthat concern perspectives, <strong>in</strong>terpretations, heuristics and predictive models.26