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Accumulative actual transpiration (mm) 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 UG 79 UG 99 WG HG 25-May 19-Jun 14-Jul 8-Aug 2-Sep 27-Sep Time (days) Fig. 5.9. Simulated accumulative actual transpiration for the four sites during the growing period in 2006. Table 5. Simulated (LDP model) water budget components from May to September during 2004-2006, RETC simulation result with Hydrus-1D (in mm, P: Precipitation, I: Interception, T: Transpiration, E: Evaporation, ΔS: Water storage change, D: Drainage, and R: Runoff; error is model errors). Year Treatment I T E ΔS D R error 2004 UG 79 16.3 171.0 106.0 -23.6 1.1 1.7 2.5 (P= UG 99 15.2 166.0 113.2 -20.1 3.2 1.6 -4.1 275 mm) WG 14.7 154.0 115.3 -18.0 4.0 4.1 0.9 HG 7.1 131.2 141.8 -21.1 6.5 5.5 4.0 104 2005 UG 79 14.8 90.4 73.8 -29.5 1.3 0.3 -4.1 (P= UG 99 14.4 82.4 75.6 -23.4 1.7 0.2 -3.9 147 mm) WG 13.2 79.7 86.1 -29.2 1.3 0.2 -4.3 HG 6.6 65.3 104.6 -33.6 5.7 0.4 -2.0 2006 UG 79 18.3 131.4 110.8 -19.5 1.8 1.0 -1.8 (P= UG 99 17.4 117.5 109.3 -3.3 1.5 0.7 -1.1 242 mm) WG 16.3 103.6 116.2 5.9 0 1.7 -1.7 HG 8.2 71.9 157.7 1.8 1.0 5.1 -3.7
Chapter 5 Modeling Grazing Effects on Coupled Water and Heat Fluxes in Inner Mongolia Grassland The decrease in soil water storage and the low drainage indicate that infiltrated water is mostly consumed by ET within a single growing period (Table 5). Note that in a dry year (2005) ET decreases by 40% compared to a wet year (2004) due to water deficiency. This is in line with large differences between reference ET and Pan-evaporation in 2005, but minor differences between them in 2004 (Fig. 10). Differences in Tp related to grazing are also less pronounced in the wetter years (2004 and 2006) than in the drier year (2005), indicating the restriction on plant water uptake by low water availability <strong>und</strong>er dry conditions. Evapotranspiration (mm) 20 15 10 5 0 20 15 10 5 0 20 15 10 5 0 ET FAO ET Pan ET Act 25-May-06 19-Jun-06 14-Jul-06 08-Aug-06 02-Sep-06 27-Sep-06 25-May-05 19-Jun-05 14-Jul-05 08-Aug-05 02-Sep-05 27-Sep-05 25-May-04 19-Jun-04 14-Jul-04 08-Aug-04 02-Sep-04 27-Sep-04 Time (days) Fig. 5.10. Evapotranspiration comparison from three methods in UG 79 during the growing period in 2004-2006 (ETFAO: FAO, ETPan: Pan evaporation, and ETAct: Modelled ET). DISCUSSION Grazing Effects on Soil Properties and Model Validation Our results showed a decrease of total- and macro- pore volume and an increase of meso-pore volume as a result of grazing. This was in agreement with Villamil et al. (2001), who proofed a change of water retention characteristics by 105
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SCHRIFTENREIHE Institut für Pflanz
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Aus dem Institut für Pflanzenernä
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I Table of contents I Table of cont
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controlling soil moisture are of pa
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Zusammenfassung Überweidung wird a
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Die Beweidung beieinflusst besonder
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II List of figures Fig. 2.1. Locati
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measured soil moisture in time stab
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III List of tables Table 2.1. Descr
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1.1 Background Chapter 1 Introducti
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Chapter 1 Introduction is also unce
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Chapter 1 Introduction water in spr
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Chapter 1 Introduction requires the
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Chapter 1 Introduction Krümmelbein
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Chapter 2 Spatial variability of so
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Chapter 3 Spatio-temporal variabili
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Page 73 and 74: Chapter 3 Factors controlling spati
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Page 89 and 90: Y orientation Chapter 4 Temporal st
Page 93 and 94: MRD(%) MRD(%) 100 80 60 40 20 0 -20
Page 101 and 102: Soil water content (%) 40 30 20 10
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Page 135 and 136: Chapter 6 Modeling of Coupled Water
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Page 167 and 168: References Chapter 7 General discus
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Page 173 and 174: Curriculum Vitae M.Sc. Ying Zhao Of
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Schriftenreihe des Instituts Neuere
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