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Lophaven, S., J. Carstensen, and H. Rootzéna. 2006. Stochastic modelling of 148 dissolved inorganic nitrogen in space and time. Ecol. Modell. 193, 467-478. Lin, H. 2006. Temporal stability of soil moisture spatial pattern and subsurface preferential flow pathways in the Shale Hills catchment, Vadose Zone Journal, 5:317–340. Liu, C.Y. J. Holst, N. Brüggemann, K. Butterbach-Bahl, Z.S. Yao, J. Yue, S.H. Han, X.G. Han, J. Krümmelbein, R. Horn, and X.H Zheng. 2007. Winter-grazing reduces methane uptake by soils of a typical. Atmospheric Environment. 41(28):5948–5958. Neitsch, S.L., J.G. Arnold, J.R. Kiniry, J.R. Williams, and K.W. King, 2002. Soil and water assessment tool theoretical documentation version 2000, Agricultural Research Service and Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas. Peth, S., and R. Horn. 2006. Consequences of grazing on soil physical and mechanical properties in forest and t<strong>und</strong>ra environments. In: B.C. Forbes, M. Bölter, L. Müller-Wille, J. Hukkinen, F. Müller, N. Gunslay, Y. Konstatinov (Eds.). Ecological Studies, Vol. 184, pp. 217-243. Proffitt, A.P.B., R.C. Jarvis, and S. Bendotti. 1995. The impact of sheep trampling and stocking rate on the physical properties of a Red Duplex soil with two initially different structures. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 46:733–47. Richard G., I. Cousin, J.F. Sillon, A. Bruand, and J. Guérif. 2001. Effect of compaction on the porosity of a silty soil: influence on unsaturated hydraulic properties. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 52:49–58. Rietkerk, M., and J. van de Koppel.1997. Alternate stable states and threshold effects in Semi-Arid grazing systems, OIKOS 79:69–76. Shouse, P.J., W.B. Russell, D.S. Burden, H.M. Swlim, J.B. Sisson, and van Genuchten, M.Th., 1995. Spatial variability of soil water retention functions in a silt loam soil. Soil Sci. 159(1):1-12. Šimůnek, J., M. Sejna, and M.Th. van Genuchten. 1998. The HYDRUS-1D software package for simulating the one dimensional movement of water,
Chapter 7 General discussion and conclusions heat, and multiple solutes in variably-saturated media. Version 2.0. IGWMC-TPS-70. Int. Gro<strong>und</strong>Water Modeling Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden. Snyman, H.A. 2005. Rangeland degradation in a semi-arid South Africa - I: influence on seasonal root distribution, root/shoot ratios and water-use efficiency. J. Arid Environ. 60:457–481. Villamil, M.B., N.M. Amiotti, and N. peinemann. 2001. Soil degradation related to overgrazing in the semi-arid Southern Caldenal area of Argentina. Soil Sci. 166:441–452. Wang, R.Z., and E.A. Ripley. 1997. Effects of grazing on a Leymus chinensis grassland on the Songnen plain, north-eastern China. J. Arid Environ. 36:307–318. Western, A.W., and G. Blöschl. 1999. On the spatial scaling of soil moisture. J. Hydrol. 217:203-224. Williams, A.G., J.L. Ternan. C. Fitzjohn, S. de Alba, A. and Perez-Gonzalez. 2003. Soil moisture variability and land use in a seasonally arid environment. Hydrological Processes 17:225–235. 149
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SCHRIFTENREIHE Institut für Pflanz
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Aus dem Institut für Pflanzenernä
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I Table of contents I Table of cont
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controlling soil moisture are of pa
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Zusammenfassung Überweidung wird a
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Die Beweidung beieinflusst besonder
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II List of figures Fig. 2.1. Locati
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measured soil moisture in time stab
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III List of tables Table 2.1. Descr
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1.1 Background Chapter 1 Introducti
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Chapter 1 Introduction is also unce
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Chapter 1 Introduction water in spr
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Chapter 1 Introduction requires the
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Chapter 1 Introduction Krümmelbein
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Chapter 2 Spatial variability of so
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Chapter 3 Spatio-temporal variabili
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Chapter 3 Factors controlling spati
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Chapter 4 Temporal stability of soi
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Y orientation Chapter 4 Temporal st
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MRD(%) MRD(%) 100 80 60 40 20 0 -20
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Soil water content (%) 40 30 20 10
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Chapter 5 Modeling Grazing Effects
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