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Table 9). In the topsoil layer, water repellency might be caused mainly by hydrophobic compo<strong>und</strong>s from decomposed soil organic matter (Piccolo and Mbagwu, 1999). Together with the initially existing heterogeneous distribution of various repellent substances, subsequent relocation and the transport along preferential flow paths might contribute to the spatial variability of WDPT and SWC. Table 2.4. Isotropic variogram parameters for soil water content on three sampling soil water statuses in 2004. Treatment Sampling soil water statuses Nugget Co Sill Co+Cs Range A0 (m) Proportion Cs/(Co+Cs) R 2 RSS γ-Model UG 79 Dry 7.0E-06 1.5E-04 28 0.95 0.55 1.3E-09 Spherical Wet 1.0E-06 7.2E-04 28 1.00 0.73 1.8E-08 Spherical Medium 4.9E-05 9.0E-04 20 0.95 0.46 9.0E-10 Spherical UG 99 Dry 4.0E-06 2.3E-04 30 0.98 0.72 2.6E-09 Spherical Wet 2.4E-04 6.2E-04 100 0.61 0.93 9.0E-09 Spherical Medium 1.0E-06 5.2E-04 24 1.00 0.63 7.9E-10 Spherical WG Dry 1.5E-05 9.4E-05 25 0.84 0.19 4.7E-10 Exponential Wet 5.1E-05 3.8E-04 29 0.87 0.65 1.8E-09 Exponential Medium 3.4E-05 2.6E-04 29 0.87 0.54 6.0E-10 Exponential CG Dry 4.0E-05 1.5E-04 110 0.77 0.53 6.0E-09 Exponential Wet 3.0E-05 4.0E-04 100 0.93 0.93 5.8E-09 Exponential Medium 3.4E-04 5.7E-04 74 0.50 0.64 2.3E-08 Exponential HG Dry - - - - - - - Wet 2.5E-05 1.0E-03 82 0.75 0.94 2.6E-08 Spherical Medium 2.0E-04 8.2E-04 87 0.76 0.72 1.0E-07 Spherical Cs: structural variance; R 2 : determination coefficient; RSS: reduced sum of squares; -: No data available. Temporal variations in soil properties during the vegetation period showed a clear rainfall-dependent change for SWC and WDPT while this was not the case for the SS (Tables 1-6). This was in agreement with other studies where a pronounced seasonal variability was for SWC and WDPT (Buczko et al., 2005; Buttafuocoa et al. 2005). The results implied that hydraulic parameters are more sensitive than resilient mechanical parameters with respect to actual soil water 22
Chapter 2 Spatial variability of soil properties affected by grazing intensity in Inner Mongolia grassland content. Table 2.5. Isotropic variogram parameters for shear strength on three sampling soil water statuses in 2004. Treatment Sampling soil water statuses Nugget Co Sill Co+Cs Range A0 (m) Proportion Cs/(Co+Cs) R 2 RSS γ-Model UG 79 Dry 6.84 57.60 27 0.88 0.50 78.57 Exponential Wet 5.94 35.10 31 0.83 0.36 78.57 Exponential Medium 1.98 14.40 40 0.86 0.73 7.29 Exponential UG 99 Dry 5.58 47.70 38 0.88 0.48 315.90 Exponential Wet 3.51 27.90 14 0.88 0.27 39.69 Exponential Medium 3.78 29.70 19 0.90 0.19 21.87 Exponential WG Dry 8.73 63.00 87 0.86 0.26 178.20 Exponential Wet 3.60 30.60 63 0.88 0.23 10.53 Exponential Medium 5.58 36.90 90 0.85 0.32 52.65 Exponential CG Dry 36.00 72.90 400 0.50 0.93 81.00 Spherical Wet 26.10 52.20 270 0.50 0.80 97.20 Spherical Medium 3.60 27.00 75 0.87 0.19 67.23 Exponential HG Dry - - - - - - - Wet 6.03 36.90 38 0.84 0.64 46.98 Exponential Medium 1.53 31.50 26 0.95 0.68 25.11 Spherical Cs: structural variance; R 2 : determination coefficient; RSS: reduced sum of squares; -: No data available. 3.2 Spatial distribution of soil properties in UG 79 The spatial distribution of various soil parameters and their characteristics are exemplary shown for the ungrazed plot UG 79 (fenced for 25 years, considered to represent the typical ecosystem conditions without grazing). Table 7 shows the descriptive statistics for all measured soil properties. The mean contents of sand, silt and clay were 48.5, 35.3 and 16.2%, respectively. A small standard deviation (SD) of the normally distributed data indicated that the sampling area could be considered as homogeneous in term of soil texture. Soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration was also normally distributed with a mean of 31.2 g kg -1 , but had a higher coefficient of variance (CV) compared to soil 23
Page 1 and 2: SCHRIFTENREIHE Institut für Pflanz
Page 3 and 4: Aus dem Institut für Pflanzenernä
Page 5: I Table of contents I Table of cont
Page 8 and 9: controlling soil moisture are of pa
Page 11 and 12: Zusammenfassung Überweidung wird a
Page 13 and 14: Die Beweidung beieinflusst besonder
Page 15 and 16: II List of figures Fig. 2.1. Locati
Page 17 and 18: measured soil moisture in time stab
Page 19 and 20: III List of tables Table 2.1. Descr
Page 21 and 22: 1.1 Background Chapter 1 Introducti
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 1 Introduction is also unce
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 1 Introduction water in spr
Page 27 and 28: Chapter 1 Introduction requires the
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 1 Introduction Krümmelbein
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 2 Spatial variability of so
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Page 59 and 60: Chapter 3 Spatio-temporal variabili
Page 73 and 74: Chapter 3 Factors controlling spati
Page 85 and 86: Chapter 4 Temporal stability of soi
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MRD(%) MRD(%) 100 80 60 40 20 0 -20
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Chapter 4 Temporal stability of soi
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Soil water content (%) 40 30 20 10
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Chapter 5 Modeling Grazing Effects
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Chapter 6 Modeling of Coupled Water
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Chapter 7 General discussion and co
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References Chapter 7 General discus
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8. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Firstly I would
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Curriculum Vitae M.Sc. Ying Zhao Of
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Schriftenreihe des Instituts Neuere
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