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the following questions: (i) How well does HYDRUS-1D with and without frozen soil scheme simulate soil water and temperature? (ii) What is the impact of frozen soil scheme on soil temperature, soil moisture and runoff simulations? (iii) What is the role of land use in the simulation of soil water and heat fluxes concerning the effects of grazing on heat and water transfer rate? 1.3 References Bayard, D., M. Stahli, A. Parriaux, and H. Fluhler. The influence of seasonally 8 frozen soil on the snowmelt runoff at two Alpine sites in southern Switzerland. 2005. J. Hydrol. 309:66–84. Chen, Z.Z., and S.P. Wang. 2000. Chinese Typical Grassland Ecosystem. China Science Press, pp. 106–109. Chung, S., and R. Horton. 1987. Soil heat and water flow with a partial surface mulch. Water Resour. Res. 23 (12):2175–2186. Flerchinger, G.N., and K.E. Saxton. 1989. Simultaneous heat and water model of a freezing snow-residue-soil system I. Theory and development. Trans. ASAE 32:565–571. Flerchinger, G.N., T.J. Sauer, and R.A. Aiken. 2003. Effects of crop residue cover and architecture on heat and water transfer. Geoderma 116:217–233. Goovaerts P. 1992. Factorial kriging analysis–a useful tool for exploring the structure of multivariate spatial soil information. Journal of Soil Science 143, 597–619. Goovaerts, P. 1998. Geostatistical tools for characterizing the spatial variability of microbiological and physico-chemical soil properties. Biol Fertil Soils 27, 315–334. Grayson, R., G. Blöschl, A.W. Western, and T.A. McMahon. 2002. Advances in the use of observed spatial patterns of catchment hydrological response. Adv. Water Resour. 25:1313–1334. Green, T.R., L.R. Ahuja, and J.G. Benjamin. 2003. Advances and challenges in predicting agricultural management effects on soil hydraulic properties. Geoderma 116:3–27.
Chapter 1 Introduction Krümmelbein, J., Z. Wang, Y. Zhao, S. Peth, and R. Horn. 2006. Influence of various grazing intensities on soil stability, soil structure and water balance of grassland soils in Inner Mongolia, P. R. China. In: R. Horn, H. Fleige, S. Peth, and X. Peng (Eds.). Advances in Geoecology, Vol. 38, pp. 93–101. Leenhardt, D., M. Voltz, and S. Rambal. 1995. A survey of several agroclimatic soil water balance models with reference to their spatial application. Eur. J. Agron. 4:1–14. Li, S.G., Y. Harazono, T. Oikawa, H.L. Zhao, Z.Y. He, and X.L. Chang. 2000. Grassland desertification by grazing and the resulting micrometeorological changes in Inner Mongolia. Agric. For. Meteorol. 102:125–137. Lin, H. 2006. Temporal stability of soil moisture spatial pattern and subsurface preferential flow pathways in the Shale Hills catchment, Vadose Zone Journal 5:317–340. Neitsch, S.L., J.G. Arnold, J.R. Kiniry, J.R. Williams, and K.W. King. 2002. Soil and water assessment tool theoretical documentation version 2000, Agricultural Research Service and Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas. Ndiaye, B., J. Molénat, V. Hallaire, C. Gascuel, and Y. Hamon. 2007. Effects of agricultural practices on hydraulic properties and water movement in soils in Brittany (France). Soil Till. Res. 93:251–263. Peth, S., and R. Horn. 2006. Consequences of grazing on soil physical and mechanical properties in forest and t<strong>und</strong>ra environments. In: B.C. Forbes, M. Bölter, L. Müller-Wille, J. Hukkinen, F. Müller, N. Gunslay, Y. Konstatinov (Eds.). Ecological Studies, Vol. 184, pp. 217–243. Snyman, H.A. 2005. Rangeland degradation in a semi-arid South Africa - I: influence on seasonal root distribution, root/shoot ratios and water-use efficiency. J. Arid Environ. 60:457–481. Šimůnek, J., M. Sejna, and M.Th. van Genuchten. 1998. The HYDRUS-1D software package for simulating the one dimensional movement of water, heat, and multiple solutes in variably-saturated media. Version 2.0. 9
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Chapter 3 Factors controlling spati
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Chapter 4 Temporal stability of soi
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Y orientation Chapter 4 Temporal st
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MRD(%) MRD(%) 100 80 60 40 20 0 -20
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Soil water content (%) 40 30 20 10
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Chapter 5 Modeling Grazing Effects
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Chapter 6 Modeling of Coupled Water
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References Chapter 7 General discus
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8. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Firstly I would
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Curriculum Vitae M.Sc. Ying Zhao Of
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Schriftenreihe des Instituts Neuere
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