SCHRIFTENREIHE Institut für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde ...
SCHRIFTENREIHE Institut für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde ...
SCHRIFTENREIHE Institut für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde ...
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Chapter 1 Introduction<br />
is also uncertain. Thus, the hydraulic model, linked with representative of<br />
monitoring locations, should be more valuable to get a comparable conclusion<br />
considering spatial variability.<br />
year<br />
month<br />
day<br />
hour<br />
aggregate<br />
soil moisture<br />
regime<br />
grazing effect<br />
aggregation<br />
1D- modeling<br />
soil moisture<br />
water flux<br />
scaling<br />
flow<br />
separation<br />
HYDRUS<br />
model<br />
2D- modeling<br />
water budget<br />
computing<br />
hydrograph<br />
rainfall etc.<br />
plot catena catchment<br />
Fig. 1.2. Methodology to <strong>und</strong>erstand and quantify the hydrological processes at different<br />
spatio-temporal scales (personal communications with Prof H. Zepp, Ruhr-University<br />
Bochum, Germany; 2004).<br />
Land management is reported to influence soil hydraulic and thermal properties<br />
by altering soil and plant functions (Flerchinger et al., 2003). In pasture areas,<br />
soil mechanical disturbances due to animal trampling, interlinked with<br />
hydrological changes, often have detrimental effects on soil properties.<br />
Particularly in the topsoil, soil deformation is characterized by a decrease of pore<br />
volume and an altered pore size distribution, which both affect water and air<br />
conductivity (Willat and Pullar, 1983; Krümmelbein et al., 2006), and soil water<br />
retention characteristics (Martinez and Zinck, 2004; Kutilek et al., 2006). These<br />
disturbances of soil structure further decrease water infiltrability and increase<br />
surface runoff. This will not only cause soil erosion by water and nutrient<br />
3