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Soil temperature ( o C)
Soil moisture(cm 3 cm -3 )
Soil temperature ( o C)
Soil moisture(cm 3 cm -3 )
Soil temperature ( o C)
Soil moisture(cm 3 cm -3 )
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
a
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
20
10
0
-10
-20
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
20
10
0
-10
-20
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
b
c
9-Feb 21-Mar 30-Apr 9-Jun 19-Jul 28-Aug 7-Oct 16-Nov 26-Dec
9-Feb 21-Mar 30-Apr 9-Jun 19-Jul 28-Aug 7-Oct 16-Nov 26-Dec
M S F Rainfall 40
0
9-Feb 21-Mar 30-Apr 9-Jun 19-Jul 28-Aug 7-Oct 16-Nov26-Dec
Time (days)
20-Mar 25-Mar 31-Mar 5-Apr 11-Apr 16-Apr 21-Apr 27-Apr
M S F
20-Mar 25-Mar 31-Mar 5-Apr 11-Apr 16-Apr 21-Apr 27-Apr
Time (hours)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
M S F
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Time (hours)
20
Rainfall (mm)
Soil temperature ( o C)
Soil moisture(cm 3 cm -3 )
Soil temperature ( o C)
Soil moisture(cm 3 cm -3 )
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
0.30
0.35
20 cm
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
40 cm
0.05
0.00
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
0.05
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.15
0.25
0.35
0.30
9-Feb 21-Mar 30-Apr 9-Jun 19-Jul 28-Aug 7-Oct 16-Nov 26-Dec
9-Feb 21-Mar 30-Apr 9-Jun 19-Jul 28-Aug 7-Oct 16-Nov 26-Dec
M S F Rainfall
40
0
9-Feb 21-Mar 30-Apr 9-Jun 19-Jul 28-Aug 7-Oct 16-Nov26-Dec
Time (days)
9-Feb 21-Mar 30-Apr 9-Jun 19-Jul 28-Aug 7-Oct 16-Nov 26-Dec
9-Feb 21-Mar 30-Apr 9-Jun 19-Jul 28-Aug 7-Oct 16-Nov 26-Dec
M S F Rainfall
40
0
9-Feb 21-Mar 30-Apr 9-Jun 19-Jul 28-Aug 7-Oct 16-Nov26-Dec
Time (days)
9-Feb 21-Mar 30-Apr 9-Jun 19-Jul 28-Aug 7-Oct 16-Nov 26-Dec
9-Feb 21-Mar 30-Apr 9-Jun 19-Jul 28-Aug 7-Oct 16-Nov 26-Dec
0
9-Feb 21-Mar 30-Apr 9-Jun 19-Jul 28-Aug 7-Oct 16-Nov26-Dec
Time (days)
20
20
S F Rainfall
40
Fig. 6.4. Measured and simulated soil moisture and temperature at 5 cm (a, b, c), 20, 40,
and 100 cm depth in UG 79 during the whole year of 2006 (M: Measured liquid water
content; S: Simulated total water content running snow routine; and F: Simulated liquid
water content running freezing model).
Soil temperature ( o C)
Soil moisture(cm 3 cm -3 )
In contrast to the soil water simulations, soil temperature is simulated well
by both models with minor differences (Figs. 4-5). However, regarding the
detailed diurnal variations of soil temperature (Figs. 4c and 5c), the freezing
model matches measured values better than the snow routine. This gives an
evidence of the impact of the function of the frozen soil module on soil
temperature simulations. In a real world, when soil becomes freezing (i.e. the
phase change from water to ice), soil temperature decreases and energy is
released which is used to warm up soil from a cold. However, given the same
total water content, the thermal conductivity of frozen soil is higher than that of
128
100 cm
20
Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall (mm)