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controlling soil moisture are of particular concern as they are related to grassland productivity. It was observed that the soil and plant variables (e.g. soil texture) are main contributor to the variations of soil moisture. Furthermore, those processes, affected by land managements, were interrelated at different spatial scales. For instance, random (
changes. The model results indicated that soil heat fluxes increased with increasing grazing intensity. In comparison with the two ungrazed sites, winter grazing did not show any effect on the water household components, while heavy grazing remarkably decreased soil water storage by 25-45%, interception by 50-55% and transpiration by 20-30%, and increased evaporation by 25-40%, runoff by 100-300% and drainage by 100-200%. We conclude that intense grazing deteriorates soil functions, consequently reduces plant available water and thus grassland productivity. The incorporation of an extended freezing code in the HYDRUS-1D model resulted in an improved understanding of the coupled hydraulic and thermal processes under frozen condition. The freezing model is capable of predicting the changes in soil water and heat fluxes accompanied by soil freezing and thawing behavior, as well as grazing effects. However, soil water content after spring snowmelt is overestimated and thus surface runoff might be underestimated. v
Page 1 and 2: SCHRIFTENREIHE Institut für Pflanz
Page 3 and 4: Aus dem Institut für Pflanzenernä
Page 5: I Table of contents I Table of cont
Page 11 and 12: Zusammenfassung Überweidung wird a
Page 13 and 14: Die Beweidung beieinflusst besonder
Page 15 and 16: II List of figures Fig. 2.1. Locati
Page 17 and 18: measured soil moisture in time stab
Page 19 and 20: III List of tables Table 2.1. Descr
Page 21 and 22: 1.1 Background Chapter 1 Introducti
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 1 Introduction is also unce
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 1 Introduction water in spr
Page 27 and 28: Chapter 1 Introduction requires the
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 1 Introduction Krümmelbein
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 2 Spatial variability of so
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Chapter 3 Spatio-temporal variabili
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Chapter 3 Factors controlling spati
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Chapter 4 Temporal stability of soi
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Y orientation Chapter 4 Temporal st
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MRD(%) MRD(%) 100 80 60 40 20 0 -20
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Soil water content (%) 40 30 20 10
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Chapter 5 Modeling Grazing Effects
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Chapter 6 Modeling of Coupled Water
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Chapter 7 General discussion and co
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References Chapter 7 General discus
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8. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Firstly I would
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Curriculum Vitae M.Sc. Ying Zhao Of
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Schriftenreihe des Instituts Neuere
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