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Zhang, Y., E. Munkhtsetseg, T. Kadota, and T. Ohata. 2005. An observational 114 study of ecohydrology of a sparse grassland at the edge of the Eurasian cryosphere in Mongolia. J. Geophys. Res. 110, D14103. doi:10.1029/2004JD005474. Zhao, Y., S. Peth, J. Krümmelbein, R. Horn, Z. Wang, M. Steffens, C. Hoffmann, and X. Peng. 2007. Spatial variability of soil properties affected by grazing intensity in Inner Mongolia grassland. Ecol. Modell. 205:241–254.
Chapter 6 Modeling of Coupled Water and Heat Transfer in Freezing and Thawing Soil 6. Modeling of Coupled Water and Heat Transfer in Freezing and Thawing Soil Ying Zhao, Stephan Peth, Jirka Šimůnek, Rainer Horn In Preparation for Vadose Zone Journal. ABSTRACT Accurate simulation of soil freezing and thawing behavior is critical to understand hydraulic processes in the vadose zone under cold and arid climatic conditions. Using an extended freezing code incorporated in the HYDRUS-1D model, this study was conducted 1) to verify the freezing model using field soil water and temperature data collected in Inner Mongolia grassland, 2) to simulate grazing effects on soil water and heat fluxes under both frozen and unfrozen conditions, and 3) to investigate the contributions of snowmelt and soil thawing to the seasonal water balance. The results showed that both the freezing model and the snow routine matched well with the measured soil water and temperature under unfrozen conditions. However, under frozen conditions, the freezing model substantially improved the simulation results than the snow routine. Compared with the two treatments (ungrazed since 1979=UG 79 and winter grazing=WG), the freezing model could express well grazing effects on soil water and heat fluxes under unfrozen conditions. This confirmed that it was able to accurately predict behaviors of soil freezing and thawing, as well as the effects of land management. The weak prediction of soil moisture in WG might relate with weak parameterization of hydraulic properties, e.g., platy structure. In addition, the freezing model did not obviously produce surface runoff generated by snowmelt or soil thawing from frozen soil layers. Instead, the freezing model overestimated water content and thus underestimated surface runoff after spring snowmelt. We suggest that a detailed knowledge of the soil-atmosphere processes is needed to improve the surface runoff algorithm in the freezing code. 115
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SCHRIFTENREIHE Institut für Pflanz
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Aus dem Institut für Pflanzenernä
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I Table of contents I Table of cont
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controlling soil moisture are of pa
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Zusammenfassung Überweidung wird a
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Die Beweidung beieinflusst besonder
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II List of figures Fig. 2.1. Locati
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measured soil moisture in time stab
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III List of tables Table 2.1. Descr
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1.1 Background Chapter 1 Introducti
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Chapter 1 Introduction is also unce
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Chapter 1 Introduction water in spr
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Chapter 1 Introduction requires the
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Chapter 1 Introduction Krümmelbein
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