Alternative Construction Research Guide - GCCDS

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App. II | Energy Efficiency in HomesII. Energy Efficiencyin HomesTopics relating to energy efficiency are some of the mostwidely discussed issues in the building industry today. Abroad scope of information relating to techniques, technologies,and products, while useful, at times underminesthe clarity of the core concepts of energy efficiency. Thisinundation of information can be intimidating to builderswho may choose to maintain their current standard ofenergy performance rather than risk being overwhelmedby the quantity of information. Understanding someof the core concepts of energy efficiency and synergiesbetween lowering energy consumption and human andenvironmental health can help an energy-consious builderharness the relevant information and find productivemethods from the larger discussion.BACKGROUNDIdeas relating to increasing the energy efficiency of equipmentand buildings was first popularized during the oilcrisis in the early 1970s, when demand for energy beganto outstrip supply. The notion that Americans could meettheir energy needs by increasing efficiency rather thanincreasing energy production was presented as a meansto reduce our foreign dependence on fossil fuels (whichremains our main source of energy, accounting for 71%of our energy production today 3 ). Conservation of energywas effective in both decreasing the nation’s energy demandand lowering the energy costs in buildings.More recently, a second position has emerged that promotesenergy-efficiency for reasons other than loweringnet energy costs for buildings. This position endorsesenergy-efficient measures as a way to cut down on theenvironmentally dangerous emissions from fossil-fueledpower plants that contribute to global warming andozone depletion. Buildings currently use 73% of theelectricity produced in the United States 4 , so even minorreductions in the quantity of energy demand canhave significant effects on the health of humans and theenvironment related to carbon dioxide levels, airbornepollutants, and environmental contamination. Additionally,a reduction in fossil fuel demand could translate intodecreased mining and drilling activity in environmentallysensitive areas and nature preserves.It has been shown that many measures that seek toincrease energy efficiency also have quantifiable benefitsfor the health and comfort of building occupants. Locatingwindows with adjustable shades near work areas inoffices, for example, can lower energy bills by decreasinglighting demand and increase occupant well being byproviding direct lines of sight to the outdoor environment,which has been shown to increase both worker productivityand satisfaction.STRATEGYRegardless of whether developers, architects, and builderschoose to seek energy-efficiency for reasons of cost,human health, or environmental impacts, the strategiesare largely the same. The 2 main strategies to decreaseenergy consumption are reducing demand and increasingefficiency. Reducing demand means lowering the needfor energy consumption by using preventative measures.For instance, roof overhangs can reduce solar heat gainand lessen the demand for mechanical cooling. Increasingefficiency means installing equipment that uses less energyduring operation. For instance, some air-conditioningsystems use less energy than conventional models.It is important to understand how the strategies of reducingdemand and increasing efficiency work together.For example, the most effective way to reduce negativeimpacts from automobile use is to reduce demand by drivingless and increasing efficiency by making cars that useless fuel when in use. When these strategies are not usedtogether, they are significantly less effective. For instance,to install an energy-efficient air conditioner but then keepthe building overly cooled by running the unit unnecessarilywould undermine the goal of energy efficiency.
Energy Efficiency in Homes| App. IIR-12fiberglass batt insulation2x4 wood studs @ 16”O.C.1/2” OSB sheathingFraminghigh amount of thermal breaksR-14R-19R-20*very low amount of thermal breaksR-186” 4” 6” 4” 4”high density EPS Foam2x4 wood studs @ 16” O.C.1/2” OSB sheathing2” high density EPS foam2x4 wood studs @ 16” O.C.1/2” OSB sheathingfiberglass batt insulationclosed-cell spray foam2x4 wood studs @ 16” O.C.1/2” OSB sheathingfiberglass batt insulation2x6 wood studs @ 16” O.C.1/2” OSB sheathingR-92” high density EPS foam8” CMU blockreinforcing bars with mortar10”Cast and Stackedvery low amount of thermal breaksR-20R-15R-1011 1/4” 8”12”12” AAC blockreinforcing bars with mortar12” AAC blockreinforcing bars with mortarICF with 2 5/8” EPS foamreinforcing bars6” poured concretePanelized Systemsmoderate amount of thermal breaksR-20R-136 1/2”4 1/2”SIP with 5 1/2” EPS foam1/2” OSB sheathing (both sides)2x6 wood splineSIP with 3 1/2” EPS foam1/2” OSB sheathing (both sides)2x4 wood spline(Fig. 3) Comparing the thermal performance of different wall sections shows that thickness and material affects the R-value of an assembly. Despitetheir thickness concrete walls do not have high R-values, highlighting the need to insulate if the performance of a framed or panel wall is going to bematched.
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The Gulf Coast Community Design Stu
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factoryassembledhomesconstructionpr
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Required Equipment: A crane and lif
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Component Homes | 1.2Component Home
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DESIGNComponent Homes | 1.2Environm
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PERFORMANCEWind Load: Kits can be d
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stall whatever the factory assemble
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panelsconstructionprocessspeeddeliv
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2.1 | Wood SIPsWood SIPsOverview: S
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2.1 | Wood SIPsLife Span: The OSB a
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2.1 | Wood SIPsMM & I Construction
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2.2 | Non-Wood SIPsand full constru
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2.2 | Non-Wood SIPssome information
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2.3 | Framed PanelsThe strength of
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Stacked Unit SystemsStacked unit sy
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3STACKED UNIT SYSTEMSsubjects3.1 In
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should be done carefully, as the co
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Concrete Masonry Units (CMU) | 3.2C
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Concrete Masonry Units (CMU) | 3.2D
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AAC is naturally resistant to termi
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Framing SystemsFraming systems are
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4FRAMING SYSTEMSsubjects4.1 Convent
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which allows for expedient construc
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Advanced Wood Framing | 4.2Advanced
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esidential building codes but may n
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ut can be designed to carry increas
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Water Resistance: Steel studs are t
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Engineered Floor Trusses | 4.5Engin
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Versatility / Flexibility: Engineer
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equired, construction crews should
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Chapter 5, Elevated Foundations, is
Page 74 and 75: floorsconstructionprocessspeeddeliv
Page 76 and 77: 6.1 | 2x6 Tongue and Groove Decking
Page 78 and 79: 6.2 | Suspended Cast-in-Place Decks
Page 80 and 81: 6.2 | Suspended Cast-in-Place Decks
Page 82 and 83: 6.3 | Floor FinishesSpeed of Constr
Page 84 and 85: 6.3 | Floor FinishesGULF COAST AVAI
Page 86 and 87: insulationrequiredequipmentthermalp
Page 88 and 89: 7.1 | Exterior FinishesExterior Fin
Page 90 and 91: 7.1 | Exterior FinishesEnergy / The
Page 92 and 93: 7 .2 | SheathingSheathingOverview:
Page 94 and 95: 7 .2 | SheathingMarket Exposure: OS
Page 96 and 97: 7.3 | InsulationAfter the foam drie
Page 98 and 99: 7.3 | InsulationInstallation: Miner
Page 100 and 101: 7.4 | Interior Finishesthe job and
Page 102 and 103: 7.4 | Interior FinishesWOOD & WOOD
Page 104 and 105: 7.4 | Interior FinishesMASONRYStone
Page 106 and 107: oofsconstructionprocessspeeddeliver
Page 108 and 109: 8.1 | Radiant BarriersRoofRadiant b
Page 110 and 111: 8.1 | Radiant Barrierssometimes rea
Page 112 and 113: 8.2 | ShinglesEnergy/Thermal: Aspha
Page 114 and 115: 8.3 | Metal RoofsBecause the screws
Page 116 and 117: 8.4 | Tile RoofsPERFORMANCETile Roo
Page 118 and 119: 8.5 | Rubber RoofsINSTALLATIONRubbe
Page 120 and 121: 8.5 | Rubber RoofsDESIGNEnvironment
Page 122 and 123: App. I | Insuring HomesI. Insuring
Page 126 and 127: App. II | Energy Efficiency in Home
Page 128 and 129: App. III | Site WorkIII. Site WorkT
Page 130 and 131: App. IV | Further ResearchIV. Furth
Page 132 and 133: App. V | GlossaryCompression: Physi
Page 134 and 135: App. V | GlossaryShear Wall: Walls
Page 136 and 137: App. VI | EndnotesChapter 3: Cast a
Page 138 and 139: App. VI | Endnotes2. “HardiePlank
Page 140 and 141: App. VII | Images UsedFig.8Fig.9Fig
Page 142 and 143: App. VII | Images UsedFig.16Fig.17I
Page 144 and 145: App. VII | Images UsedFig.2Fig.3Fig
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