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akademiskacademic quarterkvarterTransgression and TabooJens Kirkconstitute the taboo. They legislate what belongs to a fictional worldand what doesn’t. However, the notion of the active audience meansthat authors and producers have begun to make room for and incorporatetransgression. In fact, taboo courts transgression. Accordingto Jenkins:Media producers monitor Web forums such as “Televisionwithout Pity,” planting trial balloons to test viewerresponse, measuring reactions to controversial plot twists.Game companies give the public access to their designtools, publicize the best results, and hire top amateur programmers.[…] News stories appear regularly about mediacompanies suing their consumers, trying to beat themback into submission. (2)However, while taboo admits transgression into its very constitutionin this manner, a basic sense of difference is maintained betweenthe two. Those in control of the limits of specific fictionaluniverses monitor, test, measure, and give access to the audience. Theyinvite their response, reactions, and make public the results of their participation.The difference between media producers and companies,on the one hand, and, on the other, media consumers and fansis maintained in this way. Each defines the other. While some formof collaboration may be taking place between the two, the former,the taboo, provokes the latter, the transgression exactly because it isdifferent. Convergence culture rests on and maintains the fundamentaldifference between fans and media producers.Rowling’s relationship with her fans furnishes an excellent exampleof literary convergence culture where fans and author arebrought together yet kept distinct. In contrast to other writers, e.g.Anne Rice’s ban on fan fiction (Pugh 2006: 13), Rowling is famousfor acknowledging and welcoming fan fiction. For instance, when,to the complete surprise of most readers of Potter fiction, she declaredthat one of the key characters in her books, Dumbledore, isactually gay, she immediately added, “’Oh my God, the fan fictionnow, eh?’” (Westcott 2008: np). Her remark betrays a keen awarenessof the Harry Potter fan fiction and suggests that fans and writersare converging. However, while the two are in a process of movingcloser together, they are still separate and mutually definingVolume03 152